Android apps supported devices

Android apps¶

Anbox is a minimal Android container and compatibility layer to run Android apps on GNU/Linux operating systems such as Ubuntu Touch.

“Computer” refers to another device you connect your Ubuntu Touch device to (via USB here). Your USB-attached computer must have adb and fastboot installed.

You will need to execute commands on your Ubuntu Touch device (and/or attached computer) to install Anbox and APKs. You can do that by using the terminal application, but it is easier to use adb shell or set up SSH to access your Ubuntu Touch device from your computer.

Supported devices¶

Make sure your device is supported:

BQ Aquaris M10 HD

BQ Aquaris M10 FHD

How to install¶

Installing Anbox is only recommended for experienced users.

Install Anbox kernel¶

Some devices require you to install a custom Linux kernel to use Anbox. These devices are:

Meizu PRO 5 (codename: turbo , name of the boot partition: bootimg )

BQ Aquaris M10 HD (codename: cooler , name of the boot partition: boot )

BQ Aquaris M10 FHD (codename: frieza , name of the boot partition: boot )

If your device is not in this list, the Anbox kernel was automatically installed when you installed Ubuntu Touch. Please skip ahead to Run the Anbox installer .

You will need to repeat these steps after each Ubuntu Touch update. Not doing so can put your Ubuntu Touch device into an unstable state. Only update your Ubuntu Touch device when you have a computer with you to re-flash the modified kernel image.

Be sure to have a backup of your device.

Open a terminal on your computer and set some device specific variables by running export CODENAME=»turbo» && export PARTITIONNAME=»bootimg» , but replace the part between the quotes respectively with the codename and name of the boot partition for your device. See the above list.

Activate Developer mode on your device.

Connect the device to your computer and run the following commands from your computer (the same terminal you ran the export command):

Run the Anbox installer¶

Once your device has the Anbox kernel installed, you can use the Anbox Tool to install the Anbox container.

Run adb shell from your computer to get a shell on your Ubuntu Touch device.

Run the following command on your Ubuntu Touch device: anbox-tool install .

Follow the on-screen instructions.

Now you’re done! You might have to refresh the app drawer (pull down from the center of the screen and release) for the new Android apps to show up.

You now have an ADB server running on your Ubuntu Touch device.

This guide asks you to run some ADB commands, sometimes on your computer, other times on the device itself. Carefully check which device you are on!

You can check that the ADB server is running on your Ubuntu Touch device by entering adb devices in its terminal app. You should see something like:

How to install new APKs¶

Copy the APK to /home/phablet/Downloads . Then run the following from your computer:

Done! You might have to refresh the apps scope (pull down from the center of the screen and release) for the new Android apps to show up.

Keep your apps up to date¶

To keep your apps up to date you can use of F-Droid or ApkTrack. If you want to install any of the above apps you can find them here:

How to uninstall apps¶

To uninstall apps from the Ubuntu Touch device, run adb uninstall [APP_ID] from your computer:

Done! You might have to pull down from the app list for the new Android apps to show up.

Access Android storage¶

The Android storage is located at /home/phablet/anbox-data/data/media/0 .

Links to android libraries can be made in their respective XDG counterparts:

Troubleshooting¶

When you want to install an APK, but get the error Invalid APK file that error could also mean “file not found”

Check that you typed the filename correctly.

If the APK does not reside in the folder you are in when you run adb, you have to specify the full path, e.g. /home/phablet/Downloads/my-app.apk instead of just my-app.apk

Reporting bugs¶

Please report any bugs you come across. Bugs concerning Ubuntu Touch are reported in the normal Ubuntu Touch tracker and issues with Anbox are reported on our downstream fork. Thank you!

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Supported devices for Your Phone app experiences

As we share new features for the Your Phone app, some of them are dependent on the operating system or type of device you have. Please check the list below to determine if your device is eligible for these experiences.

Currently Link to Windows is only available on the following Android devices in select markets:

Recently released devices:

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold3

Samsung Galaxy Quantum 2

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip3

Samsung Galaxy Note20 5G

Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G

Samsung Galaxy S21 5G

Samsung Galaxy S21+ 5G

Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra 5G

Samsung Galaxy XCover Pro

Other eligible devices:

Samsung Galaxy S10e

Samsung Galaxy A8s

Samsung Galaxy A30s

Samsung Galaxy A31

Samsung Galaxy A32

Samsung Galaxy A32 5G

Samsung Galaxy A40

Samsung Galaxy A41

Samsung Galaxy A42 5G

Samsung Galaxy A50

Samsung Galaxy A50s

Samsung Galaxy A51

Samsung Galaxy A51 5G

Samsung Galaxy A52

Samsung Galaxy A52 5G

Samsung Galaxy A60

Samsung Galaxy A70

Samsung Galaxy A70s

Samsung Galaxy A71

Samsung Galaxy A71 5G

Samsung Galaxy A72

Samsung Galaxy A80

Samsung Galaxy A90s

Samsung Galaxy A90 5G

Samsung Galaxy Note9

Samsung Galaxy Note10

Samsung Galaxy Note10+

Samsung Galaxy Note10 Lite

Samsung Galaxy S9

Samsung Galaxy S9+

Samsung Galaxy S10

Samsung Galaxy S10+

Samsung Galaxy S10 Lite

Samsung Galaxy S20

Samsung Galaxy S20+

Samsung Galaxy S20 FE

Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra

Samsung Galaxy Xcover 5

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip

Samsung Galaxy Fold

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold2 5G

Phone screen is available on Android devices in select markets running Android 9.0 or greater that have Link to Windows installed (for some devices, it may be preinstalled). These phones include:

Recently released devices:

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold3

Samsung Galaxy Quantum 2

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip3

Samsung Galaxy Note20 5G

Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G

Samsung Galaxy S21 5G

Samsung Galaxy S21+ 5G

Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra 5G

Samsung Galaxy XCover Pro

Other eligible devices:

Samsung Galaxy A8s

Samsung Galaxy A30s

Samsung Galaxy A31

Samsung Galaxy A32

Samsung Galaxy A32 5G

Samsung Galaxy A40

Samsung Galaxy A41

Samsung Galaxy A42 5G

Samsung Galaxy A50

Samsung Galaxy A50s

Samsung Galaxy A51

Samsung Galaxy A51 5G

Samsung Galaxy A52

Samsung Galaxy A52 5G

Samsung Galaxy A60

Samsung Galaxy A70

Samsung Galaxy A70s

Samsung Galaxy A71

Samsung Galaxy A71 5G

Samsung Galaxy A72

Samsung Galaxy A80

Samsung Galaxy A90s

Samsung Galaxy A90 5G

Samsung Galaxy Note9

Samsung Galaxy Note10

Samsung Galaxy Note10+

Samsung Galaxy Note10 Lite

Samsung Galaxy S9

Samsung Galaxy S9+

Samsung Galaxy S10

Samsung Galaxy S10+

Samsung Galaxy S10e

Samsung Galaxy S10 Lite

Samsung Galaxy S20

Samsung Galaxy S20+

Samsung Galaxy S20 FE

Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra

Samsung Galaxy A72

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip

Samsung Galaxy Fold

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold2 5G

Apps is available on Android devices in select markets running Android 9.0 or greater that have Link to Windows installed. If your Android device is running Android 11.0¹ or higher, you may be eligible for the multiple apps experience. Those devices have an asterisk* next to them.

Recently released devices:

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold3*

Samsung Galaxy Quantum 2

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip3*

Samsung Galaxy Note20 5G*

Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra 5G*

Samsung Galaxy S21 5G*

Samsung Galaxy S21+ 5G*

Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra 5G*

Samsung Galaxy XCover Pro

Other eligible devices:

Samsung Galaxy A8s

Samsung Galaxy A30s

Samsung Galaxy A31

Samsung Galaxy A40

Samsung Galaxy A41

Samsung Galaxy A42 5G

Samsung Galaxy A50

Samsung Galaxy A50s

Samsung Galaxy A51

Samsung Galaxy A51 5G

Samsung Galaxy A52

Samsung Galaxy A52 5G

Samsung Galaxy A60

Samsung Galaxy A70

Samsung Galaxy A70s

Samsung Galaxy A71

Samsung Galaxy A71 5G

Samsung Galaxy A80

Samsung Galaxy A90s

Samsung Galaxy A90 5G

Samsung Galaxy Note9

Samsung Galaxy Note10*

Samsung Galaxy Note10+*

Samsung Galaxy Note10 Lite*

Samsung Galaxy S9

Samsung Galaxy S9+

Samsung Galaxy S10

Samsung Galaxy S10+

Samsung Galaxy S10e

Samsung Galaxy S10 Lite

Samsung Galaxy S20*

Samsung Galaxy S20+*

Samsung Galaxy S20 FE*

Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra*

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip*

Samsung Galaxy Fold*

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5G*

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold2 5G*

¹ Android 11 availability depends on your mobile device, market availability, and your mobile provider.

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold3

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip3

Samsung Note10 series

Samsung Galaxy Note20 series

Samsung Galaxy S10 series

Samsung Galaxy S20 series

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip

RCS messaging availability is varied

Whether RCS messaging is available to you also depends on the mobile operator network that you use and the country you live in.

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Android apps supported devices

Google Play Store and Android apps are available on many Chrome OS devices since launching in 2016. To learn more about what we launched in 2016, check out this blog post.

The Chromebooks, Chromeboxes, and Chromebases that were launched before 2019 that are able to install Android apps are listed below. Unless specified elsewhere, all devices that have launched in or after 2019 will support Android Apps. Roll-out of Android Apps is done on a device-per-device basis as it is dependent on a number of factors including the hardware platform that the device is based on and each device must be compatible with Android . While we won’t be able to bring Android apps to every Chromebook ever made, we’re continuing to evaluate more devices and we’ll update this list as new devices are added. Even if your Chromebook isn’t on the list below, it will continue to get other new features and improvements.

To learn how to install Android apps on supported Chromebooks, click here .

Chromebook R11 (CB5-132T, C738T)

Chromebook Spin 11 (R751T)

Chromebook R13 (CB5-312T)

Chromebook 11 N7 (C731, C731T)

Chromebook 11 (C771, C771T)

Chromebook 14 (CB3-431)

Chromebook 14 for Work (CP5-471)

Chromebook 15 (CB3-532)

Chromebook 15 (CB515-1HT/1H)

Chromebook 11 (C740)

Chromebook 15 (CB5-571 / C910)

Chromebook 11 (C732, C732T, C732L, C732LT)

Chromebook 11 (CB311-8H, CB311-8HT)

Chromebook 13 (CB713-1W)

Chromebook 15 (CB315-1H, CB315-1HT)

Chromebook 311 (C721)

Chromebook 311 (C733, C733U, C733T)

Chromebook 315 (CB315-2H)

Chromebook 512 (C851, C851T)

Chromebook 514 (CB514)

Chromebook Spin 11 (CP311-H1, CP311-1HN)

Chromebook Spin 13 (CP713-1WN)

Chromebook Spin 311 (R721T)

Chromebook Spin 511 (R752T, R752TN)

Chromebook Spin 512 (R851TN)

Chromebook Tab 10

Chromebook 715 (CB715-1W, CB715-1WT)

Chromebook 714 (CB714-1W, CB714-1WT)

Chromebook Spin 15 (CP315-1H/1HT)

Chromebook 15 (CB315-1H/1HT)

Chromebase (CA24I2, CA24V2)

Chromebook 11 (C730 / CB3-111 / C730E / CB3-131)

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Device Filtering and Compatibility

When you submit your APK into the Amazon Appstore, the attributes in your app manifest and build.gradle files determine what devices your app can be installed on. Incompatibilities between these files and a device’s capabilities will prevent your APK file from being supported on that device. The sections that follow explain some of the filters that influence support for devices. You can also manually adjust the list of supported devices in the developer console.

Background Knowledge

Because Amazon’s Fire OS is based on Android, Amazon tries to maintain as much parity with Android as possible. Because of this, the documentation here doesn’t duplicate the information in the Android documentation; instead, it covers how Amazon and Fire OS differ. For a better understanding of the concepts here, consult these foundational Android documentation topics:

Key Terms Related to Device Filtering

The following are common terms used with device filtering in app submission.

For a more comprehensive glossary, see the App Submission Glossary.

Device Compatibility Determined by Your APK’s Manifest

As with standard Android practices, the attributes in your APK’s manifest and build.gradle files determine which devices are compatible with your app. For example:

• If you set minSdkVersion=4 and smallScreens=false in the app manifest, the Amazon Appstore prevents the app from being installed on any device that doesn’t support those requirements.
• If your manifest declares a requirement for a camera feature ( ), any device that does not have a camera won’t be compatible. Customers with incompatible devices will not see the app as available to be installed.

Using the filters in your APK’s manifest, Amazon Appstore checks the hardware and software requirements for the customer’s device as well as the carrier, location, and other characteristics. Amazon also looks at the geographic location availability requirements as specified in your app’s metadata (which you select when publishing your app). If your app is compatible with the device according to the filter rules, your app is made available to the customer. If the app is incompatible, your app is hidden from search results and category browsing for that customer’s device.

The following table shows examples of filters:

Filter Type	Example
Filtering based on device compatibility	If you state in the app manifest that the app requires GPS, the Amazon Appstore does not show the app to devices that do not have a GPS.
Filtering based on app availability	If you state in the developer portal that your app should only be available in North America, the Amazon Appstore does not show the app to devices outside North America.

For a full list of supported manifest filters, see Manifest Filters Supported by the Amazon Appstore.

Support on Non-Amazon Devices

In addition to supporting Amazon devices, the Amazon Appstore supports non-Amazon devices as well. Your manifest and build.gradle file determine the filtering logic and device support on these devices as well.

To install Amazon apps on non-Amazon devices, customers do so through the Amazon Appstore for Android app. Customers might install your Amazon app on a non-Amazon device if they already purchased the app from Amazon Appstore and don’t want to buy it again from Google Play, or if they have coins or subscriptions they purchased from Amazon and want to use them in the same app on other devices, such as Android tablets.

Fire OS and Android API Levels

Fire devices use Fire OS as the operating system. Since Fire OS is a custom version of Android, each Fire OS version corresponds to an Android API level. The first step in creating your app manifest is to specify the proper Android API level in the android:minSdkVersion attribute for the Fire devices you intend to target. For example, to target all 2013 and newer tablets, your manifest should contain an entry like this:

You can also set the Android API level using the android:targetSdkVersion attribute. The targetSdkVersion attribute designates a specific Android API level. To ensure that your apps run newer API levels with enhanced security and performance, Android enforces minimum API levels for targetSdkVersion . See Android documentation to learn more about minimum targetSdkVersion requirements.

As with Android devices, not all Fire devices have the same API level. For example, some Fire TV devices run on Fire OS 7 (based on Android API level 28), others run on Fire OS 6 (based on Android API level 25), and others run on Fire OS 5 (based on API level 22). Fire tablets have even more differences between API levels. See the following for specific API levels for different Fire devices:

Minimum API Levels for targetSdkVersion

Due to requirements from Android, on December 31, 2021, Amazon will enforce the following Android API level requirements for targetSdkVersion on Fire OS 6 and 7:

Fire OS Version	Minimum API Level
Fire OS 6	25
Fire OS 7	28

You cannot submit new apps or update existing apps that do not meet the minimum API levels for targetSdkVersion on or after December 31, 2021. Any existing apps submitted to the Appstore will continue to work and be available for your customers.

See Fire OS documentation to learn more about setting minimum API levels:

Backwards and Forwards Compatibility Across API Levels

Android APIs are usually backwards compatible, meaning a device that supports Android Level 28 will support Levels 1 through 27. However, Android APIs are not forwards compatible, meaning Level 27 will not necessarily support all the functionality introduced in Level 28. As such, some features available in Fire OS 7 might not be supported in Fire OS 6. Some features in Fire OS 6 might not be supported on Fire OS 5, and so on. See the following for special considerations about how to develop for Fire OS 6 and Fire OS 7:

Evolving API Levels

Some Android API levels for devices change over time as Fire OS updates are deployed. For example, some versions of Fire tablets were initially released with Fire OS 6, but they were upleveled to Fire OS 7 later on through an over-the-air («OTA») update process.

If your APK is compatible with multiple versions of Fire OS, in the element in your manifest, set your minSdkVersion to the lowest API level your device supports in order to ensure maximum compatibility with devices. If you set the minSdkVersion to 22, devices that support only level 19 and lower won’t be compatible.

The Amazon Appstore also supports the android:maxSdkVersion attribute, which specifies the maximum allowed API level on the device. In most cases, use of this attribute is not needed unless there is a breaking incompatibility with a higher API level.

Common Hardware and Software Capabilities

After you specify the minSdkVersion , make sure your and elements are appropriate for the devices you want your app to be compatible with. Refer to specifications for Fire Tablets and Fire TV for specific hardware and software capabilities.

Be aware of implied (or unstated) feature requirements as well. As noted in the Android documentation, specifying for certain capabilities implies one or more elements, with android:required=»true» assumed. Because the implied features are required, the APK will not be compatible with any device that does not provide those features, even if the app is designed to degrade gracefully when features aren’t present.

To better understand implied features, consider this scenario. Your app uses the device’s current location to find nearby gas stations. The app can get your current location from the device’s GPS, but if GPS is not available, the user can input an address or location. To use the GPS, you should include this element in your manifest:

However, if you don’t explicitly define the feature requirements, these elements are implicitly defined:

If you then provide this APK to the Amazon Appstore, only Fire tablets with built-in GPS capabilities (that is, with WAN, or wireless access networks) would be compatible. To be compatible with additional Fire devices, you should include these elements in your manifest but specify them as not required (provided your app functions correctly without GPS):

For a full list of permissions that cause implied features, see Permissions that Imply Feature Requests.

Device Filtering for Fire TV Devices

For Fire TV devices, the following manifest attribute identifies support for Fire TV:

This attribute indicates that the touchscreen feature is false . Fire TV devices do not support touchscreens and multi-touch capabilities, whereas phones and tablets do. As a result, you must declare this android.hardware.touchscreen attribute to be false for the Appstore to classify your app as compatible with Fire TV devices.

However, this classification isn’t automatic. When you upload an APK designed for Fire TV devices, you must still manually select which devices your APK is compatible with in the developer console. See Adjust Device Support for your APK for details.

Device Filtering for Web Apps

Although device filtering based on your Android manifest is not available for web apps, you can still control the supported devices through a list of check boxes during the submission process. With web apps, even though you submit a URL to a website or upload a zip package with web files, the Amazon Appstore takes the web app and generates an Android app using a Cordova wrapper. This Cordova-packaged app is the an Android app that users download and install on their devices.

Web apps are compatible with all devices because in terms of Android APIs, they are very basic — there’s one activity with a WebView into which web files or a URL is loaded, and the API level is set to 10 to gain the widest compatibility possible.

Specifying an Installation Location for Your App

Your Android Manifest file specifies the installation location for your app on Fire devices. For most apps, setting this value to External Storage ( preferExternal ) will provide a better experience for your app’s users, as it will reduce scenarios where customers can’t install your app because their device’s internal storage is full. For more information, see Specifying the Installation Location for Your App.

Remove uses-amzn-sdk from App Manifest

If you have the following tag in your app’s manifest, , remove it. This tag relates to the old Fire OS SDK add-on and is no longer used for apps on Fire TV.

Although your app will (usually) still work with this tag in your manifest, removing it will avoid any future incompatibilities. None of the components of the old Fire OS SDK add-on are required to develop apps for Fire devices. Instead, use standard Android APIs and the Amazon SDKs.

Multiple APKs for the Same Application Listing

Although you can support different devices within a single APK (such as by checking for the permissions at runtime and degrading gracefully if the device doesn’t support the feature), it might be easier for you to build multiple APKs for the same application listing. Each APK can accommodate different software or hardware features and components for different devices.

The device differences accommodated by multiple APKs might include the API level, OpenGL compression format, CPU, screen size and density, device features, or even other factors such as geographic locales. For example, you might want an APK for Fire tablets, a separate APK for Fire TV, and another APK for non-Amazon Android devices. For this reason, the Amazon Appstore lets you upload more than one APK for the same app.

No matter how many APKs you upload, the user sees just one app in the Appstore. The APK that gets downloaded depends on the user’s device. For example, suppose you have an app called «Stream Sports Everywhere.» You want the app to work seamlessly across phones, tablets, and TVs. However, you find it difficult to use a single APK for all of these devices. As such, you decide to create two APKs — one for phones/tablets, and one for TVs.

In the Appstore, the user sees just one «Stream Sports Everywhere» app. When the user installs the app from a TV device, the APK designed for TVs gets installed. When the user installs the app from a phone or tablet, the APK designed for phones and tablets gets installed.

If you charge for your app, the customer won’t be prompted to re-purchase the same app on other devices because the user has already purchased the app. Customers have to buy your app just one time, and the correct, optimized version will automatically be delivered for each device they use.

Additionally, reporting, metrics, and reviews are consolidated for the app across all the APKs associated with the app.

Requirements for Multiple APKs

When you submit multiple APKs for the same app, be sure to do the following:

1. Give each APK a unique version code.

The versionCode is an internal numbering scheme not displayed to users. (Only the versionName is shown to users.) Version codes are single integers you choose, for example, 1 or 1254 . The versionCode (and versionName ) are specified in your app’s build.gradle file. See Version Your App for details.

The versionCode is used to indicate successive versions of your app. When you have multiple APKs and publish an update, the versionCode also determines whether the device receives the updated APK. Higher versionCode numbers indicate newer versions. Devices compatible with the APK will receive an app update only if the versionCode in the updated APK is higher than the existing device APK’s versionCode .

For example, suppose you have one app with two APKs — APK «Ham» with versionCode 10 and APK «Eggs» with versionCode 20. A customer has a device with «Eggs» installed. In an update to your APKs, you decide to remove «Eggs» and use «Ham» exclusively, targeting all devices with it. If you increment Ham’s versionCode to 11, customers with Eggs already installed won’t receive the update because Eggs has a higher versionCode . Therefore you will need to set your versionCode to 21 or higher before submitting an update.

2. Use the same package name for each APK within the same application listing.

Each APK for the same application listing must use the same package name in the manifest. See package for details.

Every app in the Appstore is identified by its package name. Each app’s package name must be unique, and for catalog integration, the package name cannot include the term amazon .

Example of versionCode with Multiple APKs

Let’s walk through an example of package names and versionCode with multiple APKs. Suppose that for the same app, you’re building separate APKs — one APK for Fire tablets and one APK for Amazon Fire TV devices. The attributes for your first APK’s manifest might look like this:

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