Material Design. Динамический Toolbar на живом примере
Уверен, что те, кто следят за изменениями в мире Android, заметили, что Toolbar начинает играть в приложениях всё более значимую роль. Например в последней версии Gmail клиента в Toolbar вынесен почти весь функционал по работе с почтой, а в новом Google Chrome Toolbar отвечает за работу с текстом страниц.
В данной статье я постараюсь рассказать о создании динамического Toolbar, который позволит пользователю работать с контентом четырьмя различными способами в рамках одного Activity. Мы рассмотрим весь процесс разработки Toolbar-a начиная с xml файлов стилей и заканчивая анимацией иконок, а в конце статьи я оставлю ссылку на GitHub репозиторий с примером полностью рабочего приложения.
Начнём с постановки задачи
Мы будем разрабатывать Toolbar для приложения, которое позволит пользователю следить за изменениями цен на акции. На главном экране будет расположен список всех акций, за которыми следит пользователь, мы также должны реализовать базовый функционал: удаление, поиск и сортировку акций. Вот так я реализовал этот функционал с помощью динамического Toolbar-a:
| Стандартный режим | Режим поиска | Режим удаления | Режим сортировки |
|---|---|---|---|
 | | | |
Создаём xml файлы конфигураций
Итак, в первую очередь нам нужно создать xml файл самого Toolbar-a. Я советую сделать это в отдельном файле, так как в будущем мы скорее всего захотим использовать один и тот же (или похожий) Toolbar во всех Activity нашего приложения.
Теперь мы можем добавить toolbar.xml в xml Activity следующим образом:
res/layout/activity_main.xml
Поскольку в нашем Toolbar будет располагаться виджет поиска, мы можем настроить его внешний в вид в файле styles.xml нашего приложения. В 21 версии Android SDK появилось гораздо больше возможностей для кастомизации виджета поиска (SearchView Widget), вы можете посмотреть полный список атрибутов по этой ссылке: AppCompat v21 — Material Design for Pre-Lollipop Devices! В этом же файле мы зададим цвет нашего Toolbar.
И наконец создадим файл со списком всех элементов нашего Toolbar-а. Тут у нас есть несколько вариантов:
- В начале создать только те элементы, которые будут видны в стандартном режиме, а затем в коде добавлять или удалять элементы при переходе между режимами.
- Сразу создать все существующие элементы в xml файле, а в коде просто управлять их видимостью.
Я выбрал второй вариант так как у нас не так много элементов внутри Toolbar и нам нет смысла экономить память храня в ней только видимые элементы.
Также существует два способа создания элементов Toolbar:
- Создавать элементы внутри меню (Menu), как экземпляры класса MenuItem. Этот способ использовался в предыдущих версиях Анрдроид (API Level
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Android bar on the top
Top app bars display information and actions related to the current screen.
Contents
Using top app bars
Before you can use Material top app bars, you need to add a dependency to the Material Components for Android library. For more information, go to the Getting started page.
Making top app bars accessible
Android’s top app bar component APIs provide support for the navigation icon, action items, overflow menu and more, to inform the user what each action performs. While optional, their use is strongly encouraged.
When using icons for navigation, action items and other elements of top app bars, you should set a content description for them so that screen readers like TalkBack are able to announce their purpose or action.
For an overall content description of the top app bar, set an android:contentDescription or use the setContentDescription method on the MaterialToolbar .
For the navigation icon, this can be achieved via the app:navigationContentDescription attribute or setNavigationContentDescription method.
For action items and items within the overflow menu, the content description needs to be set in the menu:
For images within collapsing top app bars, set an android:contentDescription or use the setContentDescription method for the ImageView .
There are four types of top app bars: 1. Center aligned, 2. Small, 3. Medium, 4. Large.
For implementation purposes, the Center aligned & Small types can be grouped into Regular top app bars, while the Medium & Large types can be grouped into Collapsing top app bars.
Top app bars use the following APIs and source code:
Regular top app bars
The top app bar provides content and actions related to the current screen. It’s used for branding, screen titles, navigation, and actions.
Small top app bar example
The following example shows a Small top app bar with a page title, a navigation icon, two actions, and an overflow menu.
In menu/navigation icon drawables:
Note: The above example is the recommended approach and, in order for it to work, you need to use a Theme.Material3.* theme containing the NoActionBar segment, such as the Theme.Material3.Light.NoActionBar . If not, an action bar will be added to the current Activity window. The MaterialToolbar can be set as the support action bar and thus receive various Activity callbacks, as shown in this guide.
Applying scrolling behavior to the top app bar
The following example shows the top app bar positioned at the same elevation as content. Upon scroll, it increases elevation and lets content scroll behind it.
The following example shows the top app bar disappearing upon scrolling up, and appearing upon scrolling down.
Center aligned top app bar example
All of the same guidance and code from the sections above is relevant for Center aligned top app bars. The only additional configuration needed for centering is setting the app:titleCentered and/or app:subtitleCentered attributes to true on your MaterialToolbar .
Anatomy and Key properties
- Container
- Navigation icon (optional)
- Title (optional)
- Action menu items (optional)
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Color | android:background | setBackground getBackground | ?attr/colorSurface |
| MaterialToolbar elevation | android:elevation | setElevation getElevation | 4dp |
| AppBarLayout elevation | android:stateListAnimator | setStateListAnimator getStateListAnimator | 0dp to 4dp (see all states) |
Navigation icon attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| MaterialToolbar icon | app:navigationIcon | setNavigationIcon getNavigationIcon | null |
| MaterialToolbar icon color | app:navigationIconTint | setNavigationIconTint | ?attr/colorOnSurface |
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| MaterialToolbar title text | app:title | setTitle getTitle | null |
| MaterialToolbar subtitle text | app:subtitle | setSubtitle getSubtitle | null |
| MaterialToolbar title color | app:titleTextColor | setTitleTextColor | ?attr/colorOnSurface |
| MaterialToolbar subtitle color | app:subtitleTextColor | setSubtitleTextColor | ?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant |
| MaterialToolbar title typography | app:titleTextAppearance | setTitleTextAppearance | ?attr/textAppearanceTitleLarge |
| MaterialToolbar subtitle typography | app:subtitleTextAppearance | setSubtitleTextAppearance | ?attr/textAppearanceTitleMedium |
| MaterialToolbar title centering | app:titleCentered | setTitleCentered | false |
| MaterialToolbar subtitle centering | app:subtitleCentered | setSubtitleCentered | false |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout collapsed title typography | app:collapsedTitleTextAppearance | setCollapsedTitleTextAppearance | ?attr/textAppearanceTitleLarge |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout expanded title typography | app:expandedTitleTextAppearance | setExpandedTitleTextAppearance | ?attr/textAppearanceHeadlineSmall for Medium ?attr/textAppearanceHeadlineMedium for Large |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout collapsed title color | android:textColor (in app:collapsedTitleTextAppearance ) or app:collapsedTitleTextColor | setCollapsedTitleTextColor | ?attr/colorOnSurface |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout expanded title color | android:textColor (in app:expandedTitleTextAppearance ) or app:expandedTitleTextColor | setExpandedTitleTextColor | ?attr/colorOnSurface |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout expanded title margins | app:expandedTitleMargin* | setExpandedTitleMargin* | 16dp |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout title max lines | app:maxLines | setMaxLines getMaxLines | 1 |
Action items attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| MaterialToolbar menu | app:menu | inflateMenu getMenu | null |
| MaterialToolbar icon color | N/A | N/A | ?attr/colorOnSurfaceVariant |
Overflow menu attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| MaterialToolbar icon | android:src and app:srcCompat in actionOverflowButtonStyle (in app theme) | setOverflowIcon getOverflowIcon | @drawable/abc_ic_menu_overflow_material (before API 23) or @drawable/ic_menu_moreoverflow_material (after API 23) |
| MaterialToolbar overflow theme | app:popupTheme | setPopupTheme getPopupTheme | @style/ThemeOverlay.Material3.* |
| MaterialToolbar overflow item typography | textAppearanceSmallPopupMenu and textAppearanceLargePopupMenu in app:popupTheme or app theme | N/A | ?attr/textAppearanceBodyLarge |
Scrolling behavior attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| MaterialToolbar or CollapsingToolbarLayout scroll flags | app:layout_scrollFlags | setScrollFlags getScrollFlags (on AppBarLayout.LayoutParams ) | noScroll |
| MaterialToolbar collapse mode | app:collapseMode | setCollapseMode getCollapseMode (on CollapsingToolbar ) | none |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout content scrim color | app:contentScrim | setContentScrim setContentScrimColor setContentScrimResource getContentScrim | null |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout status bar scrim color | app:statusBarScrim | setStatusBarScrim setStatusBarScrimColor setStatusBarScrimResource getStatusBarScrim | @empty |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout scrim animation duration | app:scrimAnimationDuration | setScrimAnimationDuration getScrimAnimationDuration | 600 |
| CollapsingToolbarLayout collapsing animation interpolator | app:titlePositionInterpolator | setTitlePositionInterpolator | @null |
| AppBarLayout lift on scroll | app:liftOnScroll | setLiftOnScroll isLiftOnScroll | true |
| Element | Style |
|---|---|
| Surface background color style | Widget.Material3.AppBarLayout |
Default style theme attribute: ?attr/appBarLayoutStyle
| Element | Style |
|---|---|
| Default style | Widget.Material3.Toolbar |
| Surface background color style | Widget.Material3.Toolbar.Surface |
| On Surface color style | Widget.Material3.Toolbar.OnSurface |
Default style theme attribute: ?attr/toolbarStyle
Additional style theme attributes: ?attr/toolbarSurfaceStyle
| Element | Style |
|---|---|
| Default style | Widget.Material3.CollapsingToolbar |
| Medium style | Widget.Material3.CollapsingToolbar.Medium |
| Large style | Widget.Material3.CollapsingToolbar.Large |
Default style theme attribute: ?attr/collapsingToolbarLayoutStyle
Additional style theme attributes: ?attr/collapsingToolbarLayoutMediumStyle , ?attr/collapsingToolbarLayoutLargeStyle
See the full list of styles and attrs.
Collapsing top app bars
The larger collapsing top app bars can be used for longer titles, to house imagery, or to provide a stronger presence to the top app bar.
Medium top app bar example
The following example shows a Medium collapsing top app bar with a page title, a navigation icon, an action icon, and an overflow menu.
Large top app bar example
The following example shows a Large collapsing top app bar with a page title, a navigation icon, an action icon, and an overflow menu.
Adding an image to a collapsing top app bar
A collapsing top app bar with an image background, a page title, a navigation icon, two action icons, and an overflow menu:
Applying scrolling behavior to a collapsing top app bar
When scrolling up, the collapsing top app bar transforms into a regular top app bar.
Contextual action bar
Contextual action bars provide actions for selected items. A top app bar can transform into a contextual action bar, remaining active until an action is taken or it is dismissed.
Contextual action bar example
API and source code:
The following example shows a contextual action bar with a contextual title, a close icon, two contextual action icons, and an overflow menu:
In menu/navigation icons:
Anatomy and Key properties
- Close button (instead of a navigation icon)
- Contextual title
- Contextual actions
- Overflow menu (optional)
- Container (not shown)
Close button attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icon | app:actionModeCloseDrawable (in app theme) | N/A | @drawable/abc_ic_ab_back_material |
| Color | N/A | N/A | ?attr/colorControlNormal (as Drawable tint) |
Contextual title attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title text | N/A | setTitle getTitle | null |
| Subtitle text | N/A | setSubtitle getSubtitle | null |
| Title typography | app:titleTextStyle | N/A | @style/TextAppearance.Material3.ActionBar.Title |
| Subtitle typography | app:subtitleTextStyle | N/A | @style/TextAppearance.Material3.ActionBar.Subtitle |
Contextual actions attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Menu | N/A | menuInflater.inflate in ActionMode.Callback | null |
| Icon color | N/A | N/A | ?attr/colorControlNormal (as Drawable tint) |
Overflow menu attributes
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icon | android:src and app:srcCompat in actionOverflowButtonStyle (in app theme) | setOverflowIcon getOverflowIcon | @drawable/abc_ic_menu_overflow_material (before API 23) or @drawable/ic_menu_moreoverflow_material (after API 23) |
| Overflow item typography | textAppearanceSmallPopupMenu and textAppearanceLargePopupMenu in app theme | N/A | ?attr/textAppearanceTitleMedium |
| Element | Attribute | Related method(s) | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Color | app:background | N/A | ?attr/actionModeBackground |
| Height | app:height | N/A | ?attr/actionBarSize |
| Overlay window | app:windowActionModeOverlay (in app theme) | N/A | false |
| Element | Style |
|---|---|
| Default style | Widget.Material3.ActionMode |
Default style theme attribute: actionModeStyle
Theming the top app bar
The top app bar supports Material Theming and can customize color, typography and shape.
Top app bar theming example
API and source code:
A regular top app bar with Material Theming:
Implementing top app bar theming
Use theme attributes in res/values/styles.xml , which applies to all top app bars and affects other components:
Use default style theme attributes, styles and theme overlays, which applies to all top app bars but does not affect other components:
Use the style in the layout, which affects only this top app bar:
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