Android studio permissions start in background

Understanding permissions for background location on Android 11 and below

Oct 29, 2020 · 5 min read

Getting the permission to access location in the background is more complicated now compared to the days of Android Pie. How permissions behaves on Android 9 (and below), 10 and 11(and above) for background location are all different. How the permissions show up for the end user not only depends on the Android version but also on the app’s targetSdkVersion .

Android 9 and below

On Android Pie, accessing location in th e background is not treated any differently than regular location permission and being granted location permission to an app makes it eligible to access the location in the background as well. The location permission is a simple ON or OFF switch. Just 2 options. Simple.

targetSdkVersion = 28 (or less)

For Android 10 and above, two situations arise, apps built with targetSdkVersion = 29. Lets talk about 28 (or less) first. If app’s targetSdkVersion = 28 (or less) means the code is still requesting the regular location permissions.

Android 10 onwards user will be shown 3 options when requesting permission for location. If user selects “ allow all the time”, then the app will be able to access location in the background.

When requesting location permission on Android 11, it will show 3 options with an additional message. The message tells the user that if she wishes to allow the app access to location all the time, then enable it in settings. So the “ allow all the time” option isn’t shown via pop-up dialog anymore but accessible only in the app’s location permissions settings.

targetSdkVersion = 29 (and above)

To be able to access background location if your app targets API 29 and above, you need to add this permission to the manifest

Now that this is a separate permission, on requesting regular location permission, “ Allow all the time” option does not even show up. This (Left) is what is shown when you request a Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission. But since you’ve mentioned background location permission in the manifest, “ Allow all the time” option is available in the settings though —

For Android 10 and up, you have to explicitly request for background location. So just like you requested for Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION , you now do so for Manifest.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION . But there’s a big gotcha here.

On Android 10 and up, if an app has not been granted access to regular location permission, then background location permission dialog doesn’t even show up. In this situation, shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale() returns true . So to get access to background location you need to first get access to foreground location permission.

After a user has granted access to foreground location, this is what a user will see when requesting for background location —

This is basically saying that you’ve given the app access to it while you you are using it, do you wanna extend that and give it access to location all the time?

So thats Android 10. Moving on to Android 11 and up.

The code for background location permission for targetSdkVersion ≥29 remains same, but the behaviour on Android 11 changes. If you request a regular location permission this is what shows up —

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Исследование Android Q: Location Permissions

Перевод статьи о нововведениях версии мобильной операционной системы Android Q. В этой статье речь пойдет о Location Permissions — разрешениях доступа к местоположению их типах и способах предоставления.

Недавно мы увидели анонс бета-версии Android Q. В этой версии Android появилась коллекция интересных изменений, к которым нам нужно подготовить наши приложения. В этом наборе статей я собираюсь углубиться в каждую из них, чтобы мы были полностью готовы к тому, чтобы подготовить наши приложения!

Примечание. Код этой статьи можно найти здесь.

Как указано в примечаниях к бета-версии для Android Q, одним из изменений, которые мы видим, является то, как мы работаем с пользовательскими местоположениями внутри наших приложений — эти изменения влияют на доступ к местоположению как на переднем, так и на заднем плане. Это дает нашим пользователям больший контроль над тем, когда они хотят, чтобы приложения могли иметь доступ к их местоположению, что позволяет им ограничивать его только в том случае, если приложение используется в данный момент. В этой статье я хочу кратко остановиться на том, как эти изменения повлияют на приложения, а также на то, что нам нужно сделать, чтобы адаптироваться к этим изменениям.

Foreground Location Permission

Могут быть случаи, когда вашему приложению требуется доступ к местоположению пользователя во время работы на переднем плане. Например, может быть, ваше приложение обеспечивает навигацию для пользователя — как только пользователь перейдет на свой домашний экран из вашего приложения, приложение продолжит получение доступа к местоположению, чтобы продолжить обслуживание навигации. Если вашему приложению требуется доступ к этим данным о местоположении, важно сообщить пользователю, о доступе приложения к его местоположению.

Для начала, любой сервис такого рода, который использует местоположение пользователей, должен быть объявлен как сервис переднего плана местоположения. Это можно сделать, используя foregroundServiceType при объявлении службы в файле манифеста.

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Foreground services

Foreground services perform operations that are noticeable to the user.

Foreground services show a status bar notification, so that users are actively aware that your app is performing a task in the foreground and is consuming system resources. The notification cannot be dismissed unless the service is either stopped or removed from the foreground.

Devices that run Android 12 (API level 31) or higher provide a streamlined experience for short-running foreground services. On these devices, the system waits 10 seconds before showing the notification associated with a foreground service. There are a few exceptions; several types of services always display a notification immediately.

Examples of apps that would use foreground services include the following:

• A music player app that plays music in a foreground service. The notification might show the current song that is being played.
• A fitness app that records a user’s run in a foreground service, after receiving permission from the user. The notification might show the distance that the user has traveled during the current fitness session.

You should only use a foreground service when your app needs to perform a task that is noticeable by the user even when they’re not directly interacting with the app. If the action is of low enough importance that you want to use a minimum-priority notification, create a background task instead.

This document describes the required permission for using foreground services, how to start a foreground service and remove it from the background, how to associate certain use cases with foreground service types, and the access restrictions that take effect when you start a foreground service from an app that’s running in the background.

Services that show a notification immediately

If a foreground service has at least one of the following characteristics, the system shows the associated notification immediately after the service starts, even on devices that run Android 12 or higher:

• The service is associated with a notification that includes action buttons.
• The service has a foregroundServiceType of mediaPlayback , mediaProjection , or phoneCall .
• The service provides a use case related to phone calls, navigation, or media playback, as defined in the notification’s category attribute.
• The service has opted out of the behavior change by passing FOREGROUND_SERVICE_IMMEDIATE into setForegroundServiceBehavior() when setting up the notification.

Request the foreground service permission

Apps that target Android 9 (API level 28) or higher and use foreground services must request the FOREGROUND_SERVICE permission, as shown in the following code snippet. This is a normal permission, so the system automatically grants it to the requesting app.

Start a foreground service

Before you request the system to run a service as a foreground service, start the service itself:

Kotlin

Inside the service, usually in onStartCommand() , you can request that your service run in the foreground. To do so, call startForeground() . This method takes two parameters: a positive integer that uniquely identifies the notification in the status bar and the Notification object itself.

Note: The status bar notification must use a priority of PRIORITY_LOW or higher. If your app attempts to use a notification that has a lower priority, the system adds a message to the notification drawer, alerting the user to the app’s use of a foreground service.

Here is an example:

Kotlin

Restrictions on background starts

Apps that target Android 12 (API level 31) or higher can’t start foreground services while running in the background, except for a few special cases. If an app tries to start a foreground service while the app is running in the background, and the foreground service doesn’t satisfy one of the exceptional cases, the system throws a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException .

Check whether your app performs background starts

To better understand when your app attempts to launch a foreground service while running in the background, you can enable notifications that appear each time this behavior occurs. To do so, execute the following ADB command on the development machine connected to your test device or emulator:

Update your app’s logic

If you discover that your app starts foreground services while running from the background, update your app’s logic to use WorkManager. To view an example of how to update your app, look through the WorkManagerSample on GitHub.

Exemptions from background start restrictions

In the following situations, your app can start foreground services even while your app is running in the background:

• Your app transitions from a user-visible state, such as an activity.
• Your app can start an activity from the background, except for the case where the app has an activity in the back stack of an existing task.

Your app receives a high-priority message using Firebase Cloud Messaging.

Note: When your app is in the frequent bucket or a more restrictive bucket, your high-priority FCM messages might be downgraded to normal priority. If the message’s priority is downgraded, your app can’t start a foreground service. To check the priority of an FCM message that your app receives, call getPriority() .

The user performs an action on a UI element related to your app. For example, they might interact with a bubble, notification, widget, or activity.

Your app invokes an exact alarm to complete an action that the user requests.

Your app is the device’s current input method.

Your app receives an event that’s related to geofencing or activity recognition transition.

Your app receives the ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED , ACTION_TIME_CHANGED , or ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED intent action in a broadcast receiver.

Your app receives a Bluetooth broadcast that requires the BLUETOOTH_CONNECT or BLUETOOTH_SCAN permissions.

Apps with certain system roles or permission, such as device owners and profile owners.

Your app uses the Companion Device Manager and declares the REQUEST_COMPANION_START_FOREGROUND_SERVICES_FROM_BACKGROUND permission or the REQUEST_COMPANION_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND permission. Whenever possible, use REQUEST_COMPANION_START_FOREGROUND_SERVICES_FROM_BACKGROUND .

The user turns off battery optimizations for your app. You can help users find this option by sending them to your app’s App info page in system settings. To do so, invoke an intent that contains the ACTION_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATION_SETTINGS intent action.

Remove a service from the foreground

To remove the service from the foreground, call stopForeground() . This method takes a boolean, which indicates whether to remove the status bar notification as well. Note that the service continues to run.

If you stop the service while it’s running in the foreground, its notification is removed.

Declare foreground service types

If your app targets Android 10 (API level 29) or higher and accesses location information in a foreground service, declare the location foreground service type as an attribute of your component.

If your app targets Android 11 (API level 30) or higher and accesses the camera or microphone in a foreground service, declare the camera or microphone foreground service types, respectively, as attributes of your component.

By default, when you call startForeground() at runtime, the system allows access to each of the service types that you declare in the app manifest. You can choose to limit access to a subset of the declared service types, as shown in the code snippets within the following sections.

Example using location and camera

If a foreground service in your app needs to access the device’s location and camera, declare the service as shown in the following snippet:

At runtime, if the foreground service only needs access to a subset of the types declared in the manifest, you can limit the service’s access using the logic in the following code snippet:

Kotlin

Example using location, camera, and microphone

If a foreground service needs to access location, the camera, and the microphone, declare the service as shown in the following snippet:

At runtime, if the foreground service only needs access to a subset of the types declared in the manifest, you can limit the service’s access using the logic in the following code snippet:

Kotlin

Add foreground service types of Work Manager workers

If your app uses Work Manager and has a long-running worker that requires access to location, camera, or microphone, follow the steps to add a foreground service type to a long-running worker, and specify the additional or alternative foreground service types that your worker uses. You can choose from the following foreground service types:

Restricted access to location, camera, and microphone

To help protect user privacy, Android 11 (API level 30) introduces limitations to when a foreground service can access the device’s location, camera, or microphone. When your app starts a foreground service while the app is running in the background, the foreground service has the following limitations:

• Unless the user has granted the ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION permission to your app, the foreground service cannot access location.
• The foreground service cannot access the microphone or camera.

Exemptions from the restrictions

In some situations, even if a foreground service is started while the app is running in the background, it can still access location, camera, and microphone information while the app is running in the foreground («while-in-use»). In these same situations, if the service declares a foreground service type of location and is started by an app that has the ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION permission, this service can access location information all the time, even when the app is running in the background.

The following list contains these situations:

• The service is started by a system component.
• The service is started by interacting with app widgets.
• The service is started by interacting with a notification.
• The service is started as a PendingIntent that is sent from a different, visible app.
• The service is started by an app that is a device policy controller that is running in device owner mode.
• The service is started by an app which provides the VoiceInteractionService .
• The service is started by an app that has the START_ACTIVITIES_FROM_BACKGROUND privileged permission.

Determine which services are affected in your app

When testing your app, start its foreground services. If a started service has restricted access to location, microphone, and camera, the following message appears in Logcat:

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