Android studio save image to file

Пишем функцию сохранения картинок на SD-карту

В процессе написания приложения для андроида у меня возникла задача сохранять произвольное изображение в файл на флешке. В этой статье я опишу, как я решил эту проблему, какие трудности встретились мне в процессе, и как они были решены. Хотелось бы отдельно отметить, что я .NET программист, судьба занесла меня в Java-мир только из-за необходимости создания небольших по размеру (поэтому monodroid сразу нет) и довольно простых с точки зрения интерфейса андроид-приложений. Это означает, что я тоже только учусь, а значит буду рад любым советом и замечаниям профессионалов.

Итак, предположим, что у нас есть ImageView, в котором содержится картинка, необходимая нам в виде файла. Первый же вопрос — куда сохранять эту картинку?

Самый правильный и гуглом одобренный подход будет сохранять картинку в папку кэша специально выделенную для вашей аппликации.
Получить абсолютный путь к ней можно вызовом функции:

Данная папка очищается при деинсталляции приложения, кроме того ее размер отслеживается системой, и при нехватке места внутренней памяти, файлы оттуда будут автоматически удалены андроидом.

Есть у данного решения и минусы. Самый главный — папка кэша приложения содержится во внутренней памяти устройства, которой вечно не хватает. Рекомендуется сохранять там лишь временные и не очень большие файлы, сохранение большого количества тяжелых картинок здесь нежелательно.

Лучше воспользоваться папкой кэша приложения на SD-карте, путь к которой можно получить функцией:

Данная папка тоже будет очищена при деинсталляции приложения, но ее размер не отслеживается системой, поэтому перед сохранением туда файлов, ее состояние желательно проверять командой:

В моем случае по совокупности разных факторов оба стандартных решения показались мне неоптимальными, поэтому я просто сохраняю файлы в корне SD-карты, путь туда можно получить функцией:

Теперь о самой процедуре сохранения, ее код приведен ниже.

Несколько пояснений по коду.

Не очень изящное, но простое как карандаш и реально работающее решение получить уникальное имя для файла в формате удобном для сортировки — «2011 11 17 20 31 49.jpg»
Здесь всего одна маленькая хитрость. Обратили внимание на time.month+1?
Дело в том, что Java считает месяцы с нуля, и ноябрь получается 10м, а не 11м, как все привыкли, месяцем. Непорядок.

Тут тоже все самоочевидно, споры могут возникнуть лишь о процентах сжатия. Мне кажется, что 85% оптимальный вариант, но у каждого может быть свое мнение и свои условия задачи.

Интересный финт, о котором многие забывают. Не все андроид-пользователи продвинуты настолько, чтобы отыскать сохраненные вами файлы, даже если вы им показали путь файловой системы. Но вот про приложение «Фотоальбом» знают точно все (это там, где только что снятые фоточки можно посмотреть). Добавьте вышеупомянутую строчку в ваш код, и картинка не только сохранится в нужную директорию, но еще и зарегистрируется в фотоальбоме, и пользователь всегда ее отыщет ее без всяких проблем.

Кстати, приведенная функция взята из реального работающего приложения Random Pictures, которое показывает случайные картинки из Интернета, а в платной версии программы — имеет возможность сохранения любой картинки к себе на флешку.

Бесплатная версия Random Picture Free на андроид маркете Random Pictures Free

Описанная функция сохранения файла работает только в платной версии. Ее цена — 45 рублей, но для хабражителей — конечно же выкладывается бесплатно. (Хорошая традиция, надо сказать!) Ссылка от автора в комментариях.

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Saving Files

This lesson teaches you to

You should also read

Android uses a file system that’s similar to disk-based file systems on other platforms. This lesson describes how to work with the Android file system to read and write files with the File APIs.

A File object is suited to reading or writing large amounts of data in start-to-finish order without skipping around. For example, it’s good for image files or anything exchanged over a network.

This lesson shows how to perform basic file-related tasks in your app. The lesson assumes that you are familiar with the basics of the Linux file system and the standard file input/output APIs in java.io .

Choose Internal or External Storage

All Android devices have two file storage areas: «internal» and «external» storage. These names come from the early days of Android, when most devices offered built-in non-volatile memory (internal storage), plus a removable storage medium such as a micro SD card (external storage). Some devices divide the permanent storage space into «internal» and «external» partitions, so even without a removable storage medium, there are always two storage spaces and the API behavior is the same whether the external storage is removable or not. The following lists summarize the facts about each storage space.

• It’s always available.
• Files saved here are accessible by only your app by default.
• When the user uninstalls your app, the system removes all your app’s files from internal storage.

Internal storage is best when you want to be sure that neither the user nor other apps can access your files.

• It’s not always available, because the user can mount the external storage as USB storage and in some cases remove it from the device.
• It’s world-readable, so files saved here may be read outside of your control.
• When the user uninstalls your app, the system removes your app’s files from here only if you save them in the directory from getExternalFilesDir() .

External storage is the best place for files that don’t require access restrictions and for files that you want to share with other apps or allow the user to access with a computer.

Tip: Although apps are installed onto the internal storage by default, you can specify the android:installLocation attribute in your manifest so your app may be installed on external storage. Users appreciate this option when the APK size is very large and they have an external storage space that’s larger than the internal storage. For more information, see App Install Location.

Obtain Permissions for External Storage

To write to the external storage, you must request the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission in your manifest file:

Caution: Currently, all apps have the ability to read the external storage without a special permission. However, this will change in a future release. If your app needs to read the external storage (but not write to it), then you will need to declare the READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission. To ensure that your app continues to work as expected, you should declare this permission now, before the change takes effect.

However, if your app uses the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission, then it implicitly has permission to read the external storage as well.

You don’t need any permissions to save files on the internal storage. Your application always has permission to read and write files in its internal storage directory.

Save a File on Internal Storage

When saving a file to internal storage, you can acquire the appropriate directory as a File by calling one of two methods:

getFilesDir() Returns a File representing an internal directory for your app. getCacheDir() Returns a File representing an internal directory for your app’s temporary cache files. Be sure to delete each file once it is no longer needed and implement a reasonable size limit for the amount of memory you use at any given time, such as 1MB. If the system begins running low on storage, it may delete your cache files without warning.

To create a new file in one of these directories, you can use the File() constructor, passing the File provided by one of the above methods that specifies your internal storage directory. For example:

Alternatively, you can call openFileOutput() to get a FileOutputStream that writes to a file in your internal directory. For example, here’s how to write some text to a file:

Or, if you need to cache some files, you should instead use createTempFile() . For example, the following method extracts the file name from a URL and creates a file with that name in your app’s internal cache directory:

Note: Your app’s internal storage directory is specified by your app’s package name in a special location of the Android file system. Technically, another app can read your internal files if you set the file mode to be readable. However, the other app would also need to know your app package name and file names. Other apps cannot browse your internal directories and do not have read or write access unless you explicitly set the files to be readable or writable. So as long as you use MODE_PRIVATE for your files on the internal storage, they are never accessible to other apps.

Save a File on External Storage

Because the external storage may be unavailable—such as when the user has mounted the storage to a PC or has removed the SD card that provides the external storage—you should always verify that the volume is available before accessing it. You can query the external storage state by calling getExternalStorageState() . If the returned state is equal to MEDIA_MOUNTED , then you can read and write your files. For example, the following methods are useful to determine the storage availability:

Although the external storage is modifiable by the user and other apps, there are two categories of files you might save here:

Public files Files that should be freely available to other apps and to the user. When the user uninstalls your app, these files should remain available to the user.

For example, photos captured by your app or other downloaded files.

Private files Files that rightfully belong to your app and should be deleted when the user uninstalls your app. Although these files are technically accessible by the user and other apps because they are on the external storage, they are files that realistically don’t provide value to the user outside your app. When the user uninstalls your app, the system deletes all files in your app’s external private directory.

For example, additional resources downloaded by your app or temporary media files.

If you want to save public files on the external storage, use the getExternalStoragePublicDirectory() method to get a File representing the appropriate directory on the external storage. The method takes an argument specifying the type of file you want to save so that they can be logically organized with other public files, such as DIRECTORY_MUSIC or DIRECTORY_PICTURES . For example:

If you want to save files that are private to your app, you can acquire the appropriate directory by calling getExternalFilesDir() and passing it a name indicating the type of directory you’d like. Each directory created this way is added to a parent directory that encapsulates all your app’s external storage files, which the system deletes when the user uninstalls your app.

For example, here’s a method you can use to create a directory for an individual photo album:

If none of the pre-defined sub-directory names suit your files, you can instead call getExternalFilesDir() and pass null . This returns the root directory for your app’s private directory on the external storage.

Remember that getExternalFilesDir() creates a directory inside a directory that is deleted when the user uninstalls your app. If the files you’re saving should remain available after the user uninstalls your app—such as when your app is a camera and the user will want to keep the photos—you should instead use getExternalStoragePublicDirectory() .

Regardless of whether you use getExternalStoragePublicDirectory() for files that are shared or getExternalFilesDir() for files that are private to your app, it’s important that you use directory names provided by API constants like DIRECTORY_PICTURES . These directory names ensure that the files are treated properly by the system. For instance, files saved in DIRECTORY_RINGTONES are categorized by the system media scanner as ringtones instead of music.

Query Free Space

If you know ahead of time how much data you’re saving, you can find out whether sufficient space is available without causing an IOException by calling getFreeSpace() or getTotalSpace() . These methods provide the current available space and the total space in the storage volume, respectively. This information is also useful to avoid filling the storage volume above a certain threshold.

However, the system does not guarantee that you can write as many bytes as are indicated by getFreeSpace() . If the number returned is a few MB more than the size of the data you want to save, or if the file system is less than 90% full, then it’s probably safe to proceed. Otherwise, you probably shouldn’t write to storage.

Note: You aren’t required to check the amount of available space before you save your file. You can instead try writing the file right away, then catch an IOException if one occurs. You may need to do this if you don’t know exactly how much space you need. For example, if you change the file’s encoding before you save it by converting a PNG image to JPEG, you won’t know the file’s size beforehand.

Delete a File

You should always delete files that you no longer need. The most straightforward way to delete a file is to have the opened file reference call delete() on itself.

If the file is saved on internal storage, you can also ask the Context to locate and delete a file by calling deleteFile() :

Note: When the user uninstalls your app, the Android system deletes the following:

• All files you saved on internal storage
• All files you saved on external storage using getExternalFilesDir() .

However, you should manually delete all cached files created with getCacheDir() on a regular basis and also regularly delete other files you no longer need.

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Android Save Bitmap to Gallery – Download and Save Image from URL

Things are changing very fast in tech world. And if you want to be an Android Developer, then be ready to keep upgrading yourself. Actually this learning curve is the best thing that I like about this industry (My personal opinion). So, here is a new about about “Android Save Bitmap to Gallery”.

Saving file to internal storage, is required many times in our projects. We have done this thing many times before, but the method for saving file to internal storage has been changed completely for devices running with OS >= android10.

Basically your old way of saving files will not work with new versions of android, starting with android10. You can still go the old way, but it is a temporary solution. In this post we are going to talk about all these things.

File Storage in Android

Now, we have two kinds of storage to store files.

• App-specific storage: The files for your application only. Files store here cannot be accessed outside your application. And you do not need any permission to access this storage.
• Shared Storage: The files that can be shared with other apps as well. For example Media Files (Images, Videos, Audios), Documents and other files.

To know more details about File Storage in Android, you can go through this official guide.

In this post we will be saving a Bitmap to Shared Storage as an Image File.

To demonstrate saving file to internal storage in android10, I will be creating an app that will fetch an Image from the Given URL and then it will save it to external storage.

Android Save Bitmap to Gallery

Let’s first start with the main function, that we need to save a Bitmap instance to gallery as an Image File.

Let’s understand the above function.

• We have the bitmap instance that we want to save to our gallery in the function parameter.
• Then I’ve generated a file name using System . currentTimeMillis () , you apply your own logic here if you want a different file name. I used it just to generate a unique name quickly.
• Now we have created an OutputStream instance.
• The main thing here is we need to write two logics, because method of android 10 and above won’t work for lower versions; and that is why I have written a check here to identify if the device is > = VERSION_CODES . Q .
• Inside the if block, first I’ve got the ContentResolver from the Context .
• Inside ContentResolver , we have created ContentValues and inside ContentValues we have added the Image File informations.
• Now we have got the Uri after inserting the content values using the insert () function.
• After getting the Uri , we have opened output stream using openOutputStream () function.
• I am not explaining the else part, as it is the old way, that we already know.
• Finally using the output stream we are writing the Bitmap to stream using compress () function. And that’s it.

Now let’s build a complete application that will save image from an URL to the external storage.

Creating an Image Downloader Application

Again we will start by creating a new Android Studio project. I have created a project named ImageDownloader. And now we will start by adding all the required dependencies first.

Adding Permissions

For this app we require Internet and Storage permission. So define these permision in your AndroidManifest . xml file.

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