Apple leaves turning red

Apple Tree Leaves Turning Red (Causes and Solutions)

Apple trees have been classic garden inclusions for ages, but it can be complex to maintain their health. There are numerous reasons why your apple tree’s leaves may turn red. Fortunately, many causes are not harmful or can be remedied easily.

Apple tree leaves naturally turn red in autumn as a form of defense. Red foliage can also be caused by inadequate lighting, underwatering, lack of oxygen, or nutrient deficiencies. It can be understandably distressing to see precious apple tree leaves changing color, but there are many approaches you can take to resolve the issue.

Stick around to find out why apple tree leaves turn red and how to promote optimal health.

Apple Tree Leaves Turning Red

While it may be strange to see your apple tree leaves turning red, it used to be quite common. I can count the number of times I’ve been lucky enough to see a red apple tree in autumn, and always found their color variants incredibly fascinating.

Of course, there are a few problems that can cause red leaves. But, there are plenty of healthy motives due to ancestry and genetics.

Anthocyanins Pigment

Appletree leaves hold a pigment produced from chemicals, named anthocyanins. Scientists believe the red tone helps prevent sun damage, and it’s common for wild apple trees to turn bright red in autumn, as the leaves are more vulnerable.

Many domestic apple trees have been crossbred over the years, with farmers selecting variants that produce the best fruit.

The case differs in various regions since about 62.2% of central Asian wild apple trees turn red in autumn, while only 2.8% turn red with cultivated British apple trees. (Source: ScienceMag)

Solution

When apple trees naturally turn red to protect themselves, there is absolutely nothing to worry about. Your flourishing tree knows how to take care of itself, even though it appreciates all your tender love and care. Let it do what it needs to, as its leaves will likely return to their usual color when it’s ready.

Nutrient Deficiency

Nutrient deficiencies can easily cause discolored leaves, especially when nurturing a young apple tree. When the tree isn’t provided with sufficient nutrients, such as phosphorus or nitrogen, it can develop a reddish hue. This is since they will begin producing abnormally high amounts of anthocyanin.

Solution

Your fertilizer should be enriched with the necessary nutrients for your apple tree, whether young or mature. Supplying the tree with enough resources will help it maintain healthy levels and retain its natural leaf colors.

Improper Lighting

Your apple tree may form reddish leaves if they receive excessive sunlight. Although sunshine and blue skies are fantastic for overall health, too much direct sunlight can cause scorching.

This can cause the top leaves to become red, red-brown, or red-orange, and they may wilt or curl up as well. Apple trees may also develop reddish leaves when they don’t receive enough light.

Solution

Gradually increase sun exposure over time, especially when they are young. They should adapt well over time, and you can use screens or mesh to decrease the intensity of direct sunlight when needed.

Underwatering

Apple trees can develop red leaves if they are dehydrated. Leaves may turn red, but this is usually coupled with browning, curled tips or edges, and early falling.

Solution

It would be best to water the tree directly, especially outdoors. Surrounding grass can drink up the entire supply. Watering needs to be sufficient for the plant, ensuring that all surrounding soil is moist from surface to roots.

Low Oxygen

Red leaves can indicate low oxygen content. This is common when soil holds excessive water, and the tree may not be able to maintain its leaves’ color.

Solution

Choose coarse soil, as it holds far more air. You can also poke some holes in the surface around the tree with a small stick, allowing more airflow in the soil.

Camouflage

Some apple trees develop red leaves to protect new growth from threats. Out in the wild, animals and insects use color as warning signals or clues. This brighter red tone can be seen as toxic or dangerous, and pests are likely to assume the apple tree is not approachable.

The red hue naturally wards off insects and aphids, deterring them from using the tree as a new home. Red leaves also hold less nutrition, lowering the odds of pests feeding on the tree.

Solution

You may not be able to change this behavior, but there is no reason to. It’s completely natural and is fairly common in wild apple trees. Besides, aphids and insects tend to survive longer when inhabiting trees that don’t turn red.

Genetics

Your apple tree may have red leaves due to its type, and it’s perfectly healthy in these cases. Many apple trees that stem from wild variants may have red, pink, bronze, or various warm tones in their leaves.

The fruit they may produce may also differ in the flesh, skin, and even taste and texture. You would typically notice if this is the case, as they may sprout in red hues from when they are young and should have a uniform color range throughout all leaves.

Solution

You don’t need to fret about finding a remedy here, as there is no issue to resolve. Your apple tree is different from most domestic types but still needs the same love and care as any other variant.

In fact, many gardeners seek out red-leafed variants as fruit and ornamental trees. But, if you don’t like the look of red leaves, try to choose white seedlings. If the seedlings are pink, they will likely form red foliage.

Should You Worry About Apple Tree Turning Red?

In many cases, the red color shouldn’t be the primary aspect of concern. When you’re assessing reasons for your apple tree’s foliage turning red, focus on its health.

If the leaves form red hues but appear shiny, strong, and healthy, there may be no reason to worry. However, if you notice deformations and oddities in the leaves combined with red tones, it can indicate issues.

Although there are a few concerning risks and outcomes for red apple tree leaves, many of the causes are natural or inherent.

Always assess the health of the leaves, and do thorough research on the type of apple tree being cared for to ensure you’re well prepared for future changes in color or behavior.

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Why leaves turn red – and why this autumn’s colours should be spectacular

An ideal mix of sunshine and rain has meant a great growing season for trees, providing perfect conditions for the sugars to build up in the leaves that help them change colour and develop their vibrant autumn hues. Photograph: Matt Cardy/Getty Images Photograph: Matt Cardy/Getty Images

An ideal mix of sunshine and rain has meant a great growing season for trees, providing perfect conditions for the sugars to build up in the leaves that help them change colour and develop their vibrant autumn hues. Photograph: Matt Cardy/Getty Images Photograph: Matt Cardy/Getty Images

Last modified on Wed 14 Feb 2018 20.59 GMT

We are already enjoying a spectacular autumn fruiting season with more blackberries than I can ever remember and now some autumn leaves are beginning to turn gold and ginger as well. I don’t remember all I should of GCSE biology but luckily the Woodland Trust are on hand to help explain the wonder of autumn colours.

Why leaves are green

Plants make food to grow via photosynthesis (which means “putting together with light”) converting carbon dioxide and water into sugars using the energy in sunlight. This energy is captured by chlorophyll, the green pigment found in leaves and green parts of plants. The sugars produced by photosynthesis are transported around the tree and stored in the leaves. Plants need sunlight and warmth to produce chlorophyll, which is also destroyed by bright sunlight. In summer, it is continuously created to keep the leaves green.

Why leaves turn yellow

If a plant is kept away from sunlight, it yellows: a good example is grass covered by a tent. In winter, with less sunlight, chlorophyll is not produced. But the crucial chemical pigment behind leaves turning yellow is carotene – the main pigment in carrots, which is also found in leaf cells in the growing season. This is a yellow pigment but it isn’t visible until the production of chlorophyll slows in autumn. As the green fades, the yellow carotene remains. Low temperatures also destroy chlorophyll so cold nights quicken the yellowing of leaves.

A girl throws many-colored autun leaves into the air in Straubing, Germany, 03 October 2013. Photograph: Armin Weigel/dpa/Corbis Photograph: Armin Weigel/ Armin Weigel/dpa/Corbis

Why leaves turn red

As a tree prepares to shed its leaves in winter, a layer of cells form across the base of the leaf stalk which restricts the movement of sugars back into the body of the tree. Concentrated in the leaf, sugars react with proteins in the cell sap to produce anthocyanin, a purply red pigment that causes apples to turn red and black grapes purple. Crucially, the production of anthocyanin is boosted by sunlight, drought and temperatures staying above freezing.

The ingredients for a perfect autumn

According to Kate Lewthwaite of the Woodland Trust – the manager of the Nature’s Calendar Project – the perfect ingredients for vibrant autumn colours are cold – but not freezing – nights, dry weather and bright sunny days. In dry weather, the leaf sugars become concentrated and produce more anthocyanin. In sunny conditions, photosynthesis can still occur in the autumn and this uses up the remaining chlorophyll (no longer being produced by the trees) and so the sugar concentration in the leaves further increases, and more anthocyanin is produced. If the summer has been dry, that helps too. Cloudy, wet autumns lead to drabber autumn leaves.

What will happen this year?

So far, only horse chestnut trees have turned gold, with ash and sycamore not far behind. Oaks and beeches – traditionally one of the most vibrant autumnal trees – are still deep green, and unlikely to turn yellow and red until November.

Brian Muelaner, the National Trust’s ancient tree advisor, originally hails from Canada. He says the British weather over the summer and autumn has been just right to create spectacular colours “just like a good Canadian autumn” in a few weeks.

“Summer conditions have been ideal for a perfect autumn show,” he says. “As long as we don’t get a storm at a critical stage or a really, really hard frost – which causes the leaves to drop straight off – we should have a spectacular show this year.”

Leaves on a tree begin to take on their autumn colours in The Royal Victoria Park on October 9, 2013 in Bath, England. Photograph: Matt Cardy/Getty Images Photograph: Matt Cardy/Getty Images

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If your iPhone won’t turn on or is frozen

If your iPhone has a frozen screen, doesn’t respond when you touch it, or becomes stuck when you turn it on, learn what to do.

iPhone screen is black or frozen

iPhone is stuck on the Apple logo

If your screen is black or frozen

Follow the steps for your device.

On your iPhone 8 or later, including iPhone SE (2nd generation)

1. Press and quickly release the volume up button.
2. Press and quickly release the volume down button.
3. Press and hold the side button until you see the Apple logo.
   
4. If your phone doesn’t turn on, follow these steps to check your hardware and charge your phone. You might need to charge for up to an hour.
5. If your phone still doesn’t turn on, contact Apple Support.

On your iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus

1. Press and hold both the side button and the volume down button until you see the Apple logo.
   
2. If your phone doesn’t turn on, follow these steps to check your hardware and charge your phone. You might need to charge for up to an hour.
3. If your phone still doesn’t turn on, contact Apple Support.

On your iPhone 6s and earlier, including iPhone SE (1st generation)

1. Press and hold both the Home button and the side button or the top button until you see the Apple logo.
2. If your phone doesn’t turn on, follow these steps to check your hardware and charge your phone. You might need to charge for up to an hour.
3. If your phone still doesn’t turn on, contact Apple Support.

If your iPhone turns on but gets stuck during start up

If you see the Apple logo or a red or blue screen during startup, try these steps:

1. Connect your iPhone to a computer. On a Mac with macOS Catalina, open the Finder. On a Mac with macOS Mojave or earlier, or on a PC, open iTunes. Find out which macOS your Mac is using.
2. Select your iPhone on your computer.
3. While your iPhone is connected, follow these steps:
   • On your iPhone 8 or later, including iPhone SE (2nd generation): Press and quickly release the volume up button. Press and quickly release the volume down button. Then press and hold the side button.

On your iPhone 7 or iPhone 7 Plus: Press and hold the side button and volume down button at the same time.

On your iPhone 6s or earlier, including iPhone SE (1st generation): Press and hold both the Home button and the side button or the top button at the same time.

Keep holding the buttons until you see the recovery mode screen.

When you get the option to restore or update, choose Update.

Your computer will download the software for your device. If it takes more than 15 minutes, your device will exit recovery mode. Repeat steps 2-4.

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