Apple menu system preferences

Apple menu system preferences

Открыть окно System Preferences можно десятками способов. Большинство предпочитает выбрать это название в меню или щелкнуть по пиктограмме в Dock, но можно также воспользоваться клавишами Option-громкость (одна из клавиш настройки звука в верхнем ряду клавиатуры) или Option-яркость. (Эти комбинации открывают панели Sound (Звук) и Displays (Мониторы) соответственно, но затем можно щелкнуть по кнопке Show All (Показать все) или нажать клавиши L и увидеть все настройки.)

Совет Если вы знаете название нужной панели, быстрее добраться до нее поможет Spotlight. Например, чтобы открыть панель Energy Saver, нажмите -пробел, напечатайте ener, а потом нажмите -Enter. Подробнее способы управления Spotlight с клавиатуры описаны в главе 3.

Рис. 9.1. Можно просматривать пиктограммы System Preferences (Системные настройки) в алфавитном порядке (вверху), а не рядами по категориям (внизу): выберите View (Вид) > Organize Alphabetically (Расположить по алфавиту). Этот подход не только экономит пространство, но и облегчает поиск определенной панели, т. к. вам не приходится думать, к какой категории она отнесена.

Изначально ряды пиктограмм сгруппированы по функциям: Personal (Личные), Hardware (Аппаратное обеспечение) и т. д. (см. рис. 9.1, вверху). Но их можно просматривать и в алфавитном порядке, как показано на рис. 9.1 внизу. Это может избавить от утомительного поиска пиктограммы определенной панели, название которой вам известно. (А ну-ка, не подсматривая: в каком ряду находится пиктограмма Date & Time (Дата и время)?) В этой главе панели описаны в алфавитном порядке.

В любом случае, если щелкнуть по одной из этих пиктограмм, соответствующая панель появится в окне System Preferences (Системные настройки). Перейти к другому пульту можно одним из нескольких способов:

• Быстро: Сразу после открытия окна System Preferences точка ввода мерцает в поле поиска (если ее там нет, нажмите -F). Введите несколько начальных букв слова volume (уровень звука), resolution (разрешение), wallpaper (заставка), wireless (беспроводное соединение), т. е. функции, которую вы хотите настроить. Spot light покажет свою мощь: окно System Preferences потемнеет, за исключением тех пиктограмм, где есть подходящие элементы управления (рис. 9.2). Щелкните по пиктограмме, которая выглядит наиболее подходящей.

• Быстро: Щелкните по кнопке Show All (Показать все) в левом верхнем углу окна (или нажмите клавиши -L – сочетание, которое стоит запомнить). Затем щелк ните по пиктограмме требуемого пульта.

• Быстрее: Выберите имя любой панели в меню View (Вид) или, если окно System Preferences открыто, щелкните в нем по значку Dock.

• Самый быстрый способ: Выделите первую пиктограмму в окне System Preferences, нажав клавишу Tab. (Выделение очень слабое, но все же есть.) Затем начните вво дить первые буквы нужной пиктограммы – p для Print & Fax (Печать и Факс), di для Displays (Мониторы) и т. п. – и нажмите клавишу пробел, чтобы открыть этот пульт.

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Customize your Mac with System Preferences

You can change system settings to customize your Mac. For example, you can change the size and location of the Dock, choose a light or dark appearance, change the desktop picture, and more.

To change System Preferences on your Mac, click the System Preferences icon in the Dock or choose Apple menu

Explore system preferences

Options for your Mac are organized into preferences. For example, options you can set for Spotlight are located in Spotlight preferences.

Preferences appear as a grid of icons; the icons shown may vary depending on your Mac and the apps you have installed. Click an icon to open a preference pane and display the options.

Set options in a preference pane

Each preference pane contains options you can set. Most panes include a Help button to click for more information about the options.

Some preference panes are locked to protect your Mac. If the lock at the bottom left of a pane is locked , click it to unlock the preference pane.

Find options in System Preferences

If you don’t know where to find an option in System Preferences, use the search field at the top of the window. Options that match your search text are listed, and the preference panes where they’re located are highlighted.

Customize System Preferences

Hide a preference: Choose View > Customize, deselect the checkbox of the preference, then click Done at the top of the window.

Show a hidden preference: Choose View > Customize, select the checkbox of the hidden preference, then click Done at the top of the window.

Reorganize preferences: Choose View, then choose Organize by Categories or Organize Alphabetically.

If a red badge is shown on the System Preferences icon in the Dock, you need to take one or more actions. For example, if you didn’t fully set up iCloud features, the badge appears on the icon in the Dock; when you click the icon, the preferences are displayed so you can complete setup.

To change options for an app, such as Mail or Safari, open the app, click the app’s name in the menu bar, then choose Preferences. Some apps don’t offer preferences.

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What to do before you sell, give away, or trade in your Mac

To prepare your Mac for a new owner, use these steps restore it to factory settings.

Should you use these steps?

If you’ve upgraded to macOS Monterey on a Mac with Apple silicon or a Mac with the Apple T2 Security Chip, follow the steps to erase all content and settings instead of the steps in this article.

For any other Mac or macOS, follow the steps below.

Back up or transfer your files

Use an external storage device to back up your files, or use Migration Assistant to move your files to your new Mac.

Sign out of iTunes

If using macOS Catalina or later, you can skip this step.

Open iTunes. From the menu bar at the top of the screen or iTunes window, choose Account > Authorizations > Deauthorize This Computer. Then enter your Apple ID and password and click Deauthorize. Learn more about deauthorizing.

Sign out of iCloud

If using macOS Catalina or later, choose Apple menu  > System Preferences, then click Apple ID. Select Overview in the sidebar, then click Sign Out.

If using an earlier version of macOS, choose Apple menu  > System Preferences, click iCloud, then click Sign Out.

You will be asked whether to keep a copy of your iCloud data on this Mac. You can keep a copy, because you’re erasing your Mac later. Your iCloud data remains in iCloud and on any other devices that are signed in to iCloud with your Apple ID.

Sign out of iMessage

Open the Messages app, then choose Messages > Preferences from the menu bar. Click iMessage, then click Sign Out.

Reset NVRAM

If using a Mac with Apple silicon, you can skip this step.

Shut down your Mac, then turn it on and immediately press and hold these four keys together: Option, Command, P, and R. Release the keys after about 20 seconds. This clears user settings from memory and restores certain security features that might have been altered. Learn more about resetting NVRAM .

Optional: Unpair Bluetooth devices that you’re keeping

If your Mac is paired with a Bluetooth keyboard, mouse, trackpad, or other device that you plan to keep, you can unpair it. This optional step prevents accidental input when the Mac and device have separate owners but remain in Bluetooth range. If you do this on a Mac that doesn’t have a built-in keyboard or trackpad, you will need to plug in a USB keyboard and mouse to complete the remaining steps.

To unpair a Bluetooth device, choose Apple menu  > System Preferences, then click Bluetooth. Move your pointer over the device that you want to unpair, then click the remove (x) button next to the device name.

Erase your Mac and reinstall macOS

Follow the steps to erase your Mac and reinstall macOS. After macOS installation is complete, your Mac restarts to a setup assistant. To leave the Mac in an out-of-box state, press Command-Q to shut down instead of continuing setup.

No matter the model or condition, we can turn your device into something good for you and good for the planet: Learn how to trade in or recycle your Mac with Apple Trade In.

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Change Security & Privacy General preferences on Mac

Use the General pane of Security & Privacy preferences to protect your Mac from malware and tampering.

To change these preferences on your Mac, choose Apple menu

> System Preferences, click Security & Privacy , then click General.

Note: If the lock at the bottom left of the pane is locked , click it to unlock the preference pane.

Change the login password for the current user.

Require password. after sleep or screen saver begins

Lock your Mac when it’s left in an idle state. When the Mac wakes, a user login password must be entered before the Mac can be used. You can select the amount of time after the screen saver or sleep begins before a password is required.

Show a message when the screen is locked

Display a short message in the login window when your Mac is locked. The message is shown to any users who attempt to log in. It can also be used to provide contact information for a lost Mac.

Disable automatic login

Require users to log in with a password after restarting the Mac.

This feature isn’t available if FileVault is on.

Allow your Apple Watch to unlock apps and your Mac

Use your Apple Watch (instead of entering your password) to unlock apps when they require a password and unlock your Mac when you wake it from an idle state. See Unlock your Mac and approve requests with Apple Watch.

This option is available only if your Mac supports Auto Unlock.

Allow apps downloaded from

Protect your Mac from malware by only allowing apps that come from the App Store or from identified developers.

App Store: Select to allow only apps that have been downloaded from the App Store.

App Store and identified developers: Select to allow apps only from the App Store, and from developers identified by Apple.

System software blocked

Load system extensions from the developer of recently installed software.

Increase the security on your Mac by automatically logging out after a period of inactivity and limiting access to system-wide preferences.

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Change Privacy preferences on Mac

Use the Privacy pane of Security & Privacy preferences to manage the information your Mac makes available to others across the internet or on a network.

To change these preferences on your Mac, choose Apple menu

> System Preferences, click Security & Privacy , then click Privacy.

Note: If the lock at the bottom left of the pane is locked , click it to unlock the preference pane.

Allow apps, system services and websites to gather and use information based on the current location of your Mac to provide a variety of location-based services.

To see specific system services that use your location, click the Details button at the bottom of the list on the right. To allow the location of your Mac to be used by Siri Suggestions and Safari Suggestions, select Location-Based Suggestions.

Allow apps to access your contacts. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to access your calendars. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to access your reminders. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to access your photos. The listed apps have requested access.

Note: If you have items that are stored outside the Photos Library, other apps may still have access to them.

Allow apps to access the camera on your Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to access the microphone on your Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to access speech recognition on your Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to run scripts and system commands to control your Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

To add an app, click the Add button , select the app in the list, then click Open.

Allow apps to monitor input from your keyboard, mouse or trackpad, even while you’re using other apps. The listed apps have requested access.

To add an app, click the Add button , select the app in the list, then click Open.

Full Disk Access

Allow apps to access all files on your computer, including data from other apps (for example, Mail, Messages, Safari and Home), data from Time Machine backups and certain administrative settings for all users on this Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

To add an app, click the Add button , select the app in the list, then click Open.

Files and Folders

Allow apps to access files and folders in different locations on this Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to record the contents of your screen. The listed apps have requested access.

To add an app, click the Add button , select the app in the list, then click Open.

Media & Apple Music

Allow apps to access Apple Music, your music and video activity, and your media library on this Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to access your home data on this Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

Allow apps to use Bluetooth on this Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

To add an app, click the Add button , select the app in the list, then click Open.

Allow apps to access and control other apps on your Mac. The listed apps have requested access.

Automatically send analytics information to Apple and app developers, which helps them serve customers better and improve the quality of their products.

Share Mac Analytics: Send diagnostics and usage data to Apple.

Improve Siri & Dictation: Allow Apple to store and review audio of your Siri and dictation interactions.

Share with App Developers: Allow Apple to share data with developers about usage and when an app stops responding.

Share iCloud Analytics: Share your iCloud usage and data analytics with Apple.

You may sometimes receive ads in Apple News, Stocks and the Mac App Store that are targeted to your interests. To understand why a specific ad was shown to you, click the Ad button on the ad. You can disable Personal Ads to prevent Apple from using your information for ad targeting. This may not decrease the number of ads you receive, but the ads may be less relevant to you.

You can disable Personalised Ads by going to System Preferences > Security & Privacy > Privacy, then select Apple Advertising and deselect Personalised Ads.

To review Apple’s Advertising and Privacy policy, click About Advertising and Privacy.

For more information about privacy in macOS, see Guard your privacy.

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