Apple produced their first tablet in

Edible Apple

The first Apple Tablet… from 1979

Mon, Nov 23, 2009

Way back before programs like Photoshop roamed the earth, creating pictures on computers was far from a straightforward process. To make things a little bit easier, Apple released a Graphics Tablet in 1979 which enabled users to draw on the tablet with a wired stylus pen and transfer those creations over to their computer. The original asking price? $650.

The image above is of the original Apple Graphics Tablet released in 1979. At the time, the Apple II plus was the latest and greatest desktop computer offered by Apple. Interestingly enough, one of the first computer paint programs ever created ran on the Apple II in conjunction with Apple’s Graphics Tablet. The software was titled, “Utopia Graphics System,” and believe it or not, was developed by musician Tod Rundgren.

The Graphics Tablet, however, wasn’t exactly a runaway hit as it was subsequently discontinued when the FCC found that it caused radio frequency interference problems.

Apple went back to the drawing board, and in 1983, it released a second iteration of the graphics tablet, which was right around the time when the Apple IIe was in production.

Admittedly, a stylus/tablet combo seems like a rudimentary I/O device by today’s standards, but remember that this tablet hit the market years before the mouse became popularized with the release of the original Macintosh in 1984.

And in case you were wondering, the dimensions of Apple’s first tablet measured 3/4 in x 15 1/2 in x 15 3/4 in.

And delving even further into Apple’s tablet history, the ad below appeared in Apple’s 1981 Spring catalog and touted the Apple Graphics Tablet along with above-mentioned Utopia software.

The Apple Graphics Tablet turns your Apple II system into an artist’s canvas. The tablet offers an exciting medium with easy to use tools and techniques for creating and displaying pictured/pixelated?? information. When used with the Utopia Graphics Tablet System, the number of creative alternatives available to you multiplies before your eyes.

The Utopia Graphics Tablet System includes a wide array of brush types for producing original shapes and functions, and provides 94 color options that can generate 40 unique brush shades. The Utopia Graphics Tablet provides a very easy way to create intricate designs, brilliant colors, and animated graphics.

The back of the device looks like…. well, let’s just say that Apple’s design prowess has come a long way.

Below is a reference manual for the first Apple Graphics Tablet, from 1979. And check out the bottom left – the first indication that Snow Leopard was in the works dates back 30 years!

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The History of Tablet Compters

Believe it or not, tablet computers did not begin with the Apple iPad. Just like how smartphones were around before the iPhone, manufacturers had been tinkering with variations on the concept of keyboard-free mobile computers for years prior to the arrival of the portable piece of technology that has since come to set the standard. For example, Apple, for their part, had released two earlier products that never quite caught on.

Though a fairly recent advancement, visions of a notepad style computer existed long before people even had home computers. They were used aboard the USS Starship Enterprise when “Star Trek: The Original Series” was launched in 1966 and casually depicted in scenes in Stanley Kubrick’s 1968 classic film “2001: A Space Odyssey.” Similar portable devices were also mentioned in older novels such as Foundation, where author Isaac Asimov described a type of calculator pad.

One million pixels

The first serious idea for a real-life tablet computer came from the imaginative mind of American computer scientist Alan Kay. His concept, the Dynabook, was published in 1972 and detailed a personal computing device for children that functioned similarly to a personal computer. In advocating for the feasibility of such a technology, there were suggestions on which sort of existing hardware components could work inside, which included various types of screens, processors and storage memory.

As he envisioned it, the Dynabook weighed about two pounds, came in a thin form factor, featured a display boasting at least a million pixels and had a nearly unlimited power supply of power. It also included a stylus. Keep in mind, however, just how far fetched and grandiose his idea likely seemed at the time. The notion of home computing was still quite novel and laptops, of course, had yet to be invented.

Like smartphones, the early tablets were bricks

The GRidPad, the first tablet pc to hit the consumer marketplace, did eventually debut decades later courtesy of Grid Systems, one of the earliest Silicon Valley startups. Prior to its 1989 release, the closest thing were products known as graphics tablets, essentially input devices that connected to a computer workstation and allowed for different forms of interfacing such as drawing, animation and graphics through the use of a stylus. These systems, often used in place of a mouse, included the likes of the Pencept Penpad, the Apple Graphics Tablet and the KoalaPad, which was geared toward schoolchildren.

As the first coming of tablet computers, the GRidPad wasn’t quite what Alan Kay had in mind. It weighed almost five pounds and was rather bulky. The screen was a far cry from the million-pixel benchmark that Kay set forth and was barely capable of displaying in grayscale. Still, it widely picked up by large companies and government agencies that used it to help streamline record keeping. The GRidPad cost about $3,000 with software and, during its most successful year, the company moved $30 million worth of product. Also significant was that one of the company’s engineers, Jeff Hawkins, would eventually go on to found Palm Computing, one of the largest makers of Personal Digital Assistants.

PDAs: when tablets were simpler

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) could hardly be considered tablet PCs relative to the functional wizardry offered up by products currently on the market. But during the early 90’s, they largely fit the bill with sufficient processing power, graphics and a fairly substantial portfolio of applications. The leading names during this era were Psion, Palm, Apple, Handspring and Nokia. Another term often used in reference to this form of technology was “pen computing.”

Whereas the GRidPad ran on a version of the archaic MS-DOS, pen computing devices were among the first commercial products to wed portable computing with consumer friendly operating systems. In 1991, Go Corporation demonstrated how this kind of integration can make for a more seamless experience with the launch of the PenPoint OS on IBM’s Thinkpad 700T. Soon, more established players such as Apple, Microsoft and later Palm begin putting out competing pen computing platforms. Apple debuted their OS inside the Apple Newton Messenger, considered by some to be the predecessor to the iPad.

Stumbling out of the block: the first true tablets

As PDAs proliferated among the consumer masses throughout the 90’s, there were a few novel, but ultimately doomed attempts to produce a true tablet that would appeal to the mainstream. For instance, Fujitsu launched in 1994 the Stylistic 500 tablet, which featured an intel processor and came with windows 95 and followed it up two years later with an improved version, the Stylistic 1000. Not only were the tablets heavy and impractical to lug around, they had a sizable price tag to match ($2,900).

That might have all changed in 2002 had the newly released Windows XP Tablet lived up to the hype. Introduced at the 2001 Comdex technology trade show, Microsoft founder Bill Gates proclaimed tablets to be the future and predicted that the new form factor would become the most popular form of PC within five years. Its ultimately failed, partly due to the underlying incompatibility of trying to shoehorn the keyboard-based Windows OS into a purely touchscreen device, which resulted in a less intuitive user experience.

The iPad gets it right

It wasn;t until 2010 that Apple put out a tablet pc that offered a tablet experience that people have longed for. Granted, Steve Jobs and company had laid the groundwork earlier by getting an entire generation of consumers to become accustomed to intuitive touchscreen typing, gestures and making use of applications with the wildly successful iPhone. It was slim, lightweight and had sufficient battery power for hours of consumption. By then, it’s iOS operating system was well-matured to where the iPad ran on essentially the same platform.

And like the iPhone, the iPad dominated the newly re-imagined tablet category early on. Predictably, a barrage of copycat tablets ensued, many of which ran on the competing Android operating system. Microsoft would later find its footing in the crowded market with touch-friendlier Windows tablets, many of which are able to convert to small and light laptops. That’s currently where stand today, three operating systems to choose from and a tablet selection that comes in several shapes and sizes.

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Apple Inc.

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Apple Inc., formerly Apple Computer, Inc., American manufacturer of personal computers, smartphones, tablet computers, computer peripherals, and computer software. It was the first successful personal computer company and the popularizer of the graphical user interface. Headquarters are located in Cupertino, California.

Garage start-up

Apple Inc. had its genesis in the lifelong dream of Stephen G. Wozniak to build his own computer—a dream that was made suddenly feasible with the arrival in 1975 of the first commercially successful microcomputer, the Altair 8800, which came as a kit and used the recently invented microprocessor chip. Encouraged by his friends at the Homebrew Computer Club, a San Francisco Bay area group centred around the Altair, Wozniak quickly came up with a plan for his own microcomputer. In 1976, when the Hewlett-Packard Company, where Wozniak was an engineering intern, expressed no interest in his design, Wozniak, then 26 years old, together with a former high-school classmate, 21-year-old Steve Jobs, moved production operations to the Jobs family garage. Jobs and Wozniak named their company Apple. For working capital, Jobs sold his Volkswagen minibus and Wozniak his programmable calculator. Their first model was simply a working circuit board, but at Jobs’s insistence the 1977 version was a stand-alone machine in a custom-molded plastic case, in contrast to the forbidding steel boxes of other early machines. This Apple II also offered a colour display and other features that made Wozniak’s creation the first microcomputer that appealed to the average person.

Commercial success

Though he was a brash business novice whose appearance still bore traces of his hippie past, Jobs understood that in order for the company to grow, it would require professional management and substantial funding. He convinced Regis McKenna, a well-known public relations specialist for the semiconductor industry, to represent the company; he also secured an investment from Michael Markkula, a wealthy veteran of the Intel Corporation who became Apple’s largest shareholder and an influential member of Apple’s board of directors. The company became an instant success, particularly after Wozniak invented a disk controller that allowed the addition of a low-cost floppy disk drive that made information storage and retrieval fast and reliable. With room to store and manipulate data, the Apple II became the computer of choice for legions of amateur programmers. Most notably, in 1979 two Bostonians—Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston—introduced the first personal computer spreadsheet, VisiCalc, creating what would later be known as a “killer app” (application): a software program so useful that it propels hardware sales.

While VisiCalc opened up the small-business and consumer market for the Apple II, another important early market was primary educational institutions. By a combination of aggressive discounts and donations (and an absence of any early competition), Apple established a commanding presence among educational institutions, contributing to its platform’s dominance of primary-school software well into the 1990s.

Competition from IBM

Apple’s profits and size grew at a historic rate: by 1980 the company netted over $100 million and had more than 1,000 employees. Its public offering in December was the biggest since 1956, when the Ford Motor Company had gone public. (Indeed, by the end of 1980, Apple’s valuation of nearly $2 billion was greater than Ford’s.) However, Apple would soon face competition from the computer industry’s leading player, International Business Machines Corporation. IBM had waited for the personal computer market to grow before introducing its own line of personal computers, the IBM PC, in 1981. IBM broke with its tradition of using only proprietary hardware components and software and built a machine from readily available components, including the Intel microprocessor, and used DOS (disk operating system) from the Microsoft Corporation. Because other manufacturers could use the same hardware components that IBM used, as well as license DOS from Microsoft, new software developers could count on a wide IBM PC-compatible market for their software. Soon the new system had its own killer app: the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, which won an instant constituency in the business community—a market that the Apple II had failed to penetrate.

Macintosh and the first affordable GUI

Apple had its own plan to regain leadership: a sophisticated new generation of computers that would be dramatically easier to use. In 1979 Jobs had led a team of engineers to see the innovations created at the Xerox Corporation’s Palo Alto (California) Research Center (PARC). There they were shown the first functional graphical user interface (GUI), featuring on-screen windows, a pointing device known as a mouse, and the use of icons, or pictures, to replace the awkward protocols required by all other computers. Apple immediately incorporated these ideas into two new computers: Lisa, released in 1983, and the lower-cost Macintosh, released in 1984. Jobs himself took over the latter project, insisting that the computer should be not merely great but “insanely great.” The result was a revelation—perfectly in tune with the unconventional, science-fiction-esque television commercial that introduced the Macintosh during the broadcast of the 1984 Super Bowl—a $2,500 computer unlike any that preceded it.

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