Apple support restore mac

How to reinstall macOS

Use macOS Recovery to reinstall the Mac operating system.

Start up from macOS Recovery

First make sure that your Mac has a connection to the internet. Then determine whether you’re using a Mac with Apple silicon and follow the appropriate steps:

Apple silicon

Turn on your Mac and continue to press and hold the power button until you see the startup options window. Click the gear icon labeled Options, then click Continue.

Intel processor

Turn on your Mac and immediately press and hold Command (⌘)-R until you see an Apple logo or other image.

If you’re asked to select a user you know the password for, select the user, click Next, then enter their administrator password.

Reinstall macOS

Select Reinstall macOS from the utilities window in macOS Recovery, then click Continue and follow the onscreen instructions.

Follow these guidelines during installation:

• If the installer asks to unlock your disk, enter the password you use to log in to your Mac.
• If the installer doesn’t see your disk, or it says that it can’t install on your computer or volume, you might need to erase your disk first.
• If the installer offers you the choice between installing on Macintosh HD or Macintosh HD — Data, choose Macintosh HD.
• Allow installation to complete without putting your Mac to sleep or closing its lid. Your Mac might restart and show a progress bar several times, and the screen might be empty for minutes at a time.

After installation is complete, your Mac might restart to a setup assistant. If you’re selling, trading in, or giving away your Mac, press Command-Q to quit the assistant without completing setup. Then click Shut Down. When the new owner starts up the Mac, they can use their own information to complete setup.

Other macOS installation options

When you install macOS from Recovery, you get the current version of the most recently installed macOS, with some exceptions:

• On an Intel-based Mac, if you use Shift-Option-Command-R during startup, you’re offered the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available. If you use Option-Command-R during startup, in most cases you’re offered the latest macOS that is compatible with your Mac. Otherwise you’re offered the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available.
• If the Mac logic board was just replaced, you might be offered only the latest macOS that is compatible with your Mac. If you just erased your entire startup disk, you might be offered only the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available.

You can also use these methods to install macOS, if the macOS is compatible with your Mac:

• Use the App Store to download and install the latest macOS.
• Use the App Store or a web browser to download and install an earlier macOS.
• Use a USB flash drive or other secondary volume to create a bootable installer.

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Revive or restore an Intel-based Mac using Apple Configurator 2

In very rare circumstances, such as a power failure during a macOS update or upgrade, a Mac may become unresponsive and so the firmware must be revived or restored.

Important: First try reviving the computer. If that fails or if you can’t start the Mac from the startup volume, recoveryOS, or Internet Recovery, you must restore the firmware and erase the internal flash storage.

What does a revive do to your Mac?

A revive updates the firmware on the Apple T2 Security Chip. A revive is designed to not make any changes to the startup volume, the user’s data volume, or any other volumes. User data may be retained if recoverable.

What does a restore do to your Mac?

A restore updates the firmware and erases recoveryOS and macOS on your internal storage. When this process is complete, any data on any internal volumes is unrecoverable.

You must restore the firmware and erase the internal flash storage if:

Reviving the firmware was unsuccessful

You can’t start the Mac from the startup volume, recoveryOS, or Internet Recovery

Before you begin

These revive and restore instructions cover the following Intel-based Mac computers with an Apple T2 Security Chip:

MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2020, Four Thunderbolt 3 Ports)

MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2020, Two Thunderbolt 3 Ports)

MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Four Thunderbolt 3 Ports)

MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Two Thunderbolt 3 Ports)

MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2018, Four Thunderbolt 3 Ports)

MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019)

MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2019)

MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2018)

MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)

MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)

MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)

Make sure you have:

The latest version of Apple Configurator 2 installed on a Mac running macOS 10.15.6 or later

You may need to configure your web proxy or firewall ports to allow all network traffic from Apple devices to Apple’s network 17.0.0.0/8. For more information on the ports used by Apple products, see the Apple Support article Use Apple products on enterprise networks. For more information on whether your network uses a web proxy or firewall, consult your router manual or your internet provider.

A supported USB-C to USB-C charge cable, such as the one sold by Apple (may not be available in all countries or regions) or a supported USB-A to USB-C cable

The USB-C cable must support both power and data. Thunderbolt 3 cables aren’t supported.

How the revive and restore processes work

The revive and restore processes involve the following steps:

Step 1. Plug the Mac computers together with a supported USB-C cable, locate Apple Configurator 2 in the Applications folder or in Launchpad, then launch Apple Configurator 2 on the first Mac.

Step 2. Restart the second Mac using a special key sequence. The key varies according to the type of Mac you want to revive or restore.

Step 3. Use Apple Configurator 2 to revive the Mac.

Step 4. If a revive is unsuccessful, you can use Apple Configurator 2 to restore the Mac.

Step 1: Connect the Mac computers

1. Make sure your first Mac is plugged into a power source and started.

Important: Don’t launch Apple Configurator 2 until after you have connected both Mac computers with the USB-C cable.

2. Plug in the USB-C cable (along with any adapters needed) and connect the two Mac computers.

Step 2: Prepare the Mac you want to revive or restore

Select the Mac you want to revive or restore.

If reviving or restoring an iMac (2020) or iMac Pro (2017):

1. Disconnect the iMac Pro or iMac from power.

2. Plug the USB-C cable into the Thunderbolt port closest to the Ethernet port.

3. While holding down the power button, connect the iMac Pro or iMac to power and continue to hold the power button for about 3 seconds.

Note: You won’t see any screen activity from the iMac Pro or iMac you are trying to revive or restore.

If reviving or restoring a Mac mini (2018):

1. Connect a monitor to your Mac mini (so you can see when the process is complete).

2. Disconnect the Mac mini from power for at least 10 seconds.

3. Plug the USB-C cable into the Thunderbolt port closest to the HDMI port.

4. While holding down the power button, connect the Mac mini to power and continue to hold the power button for about 3 seconds.

Note: You won’t see any screen activity from the Mac mini you are trying to revive or restore.

If reviving or restoring an Intel-based Apple notebook computer:

1. Press the Sleep/Wake button for about 5 seconds to shut down the Apple notebook computer.

2. Plug the USB-C cable into the front Thunderbolt port on the left side of the Apple notebook computer.

3. While holding down the power button, at the same time press all three of the following keys for about 3 seconds:

The right Shift key

The left Option key

The left Control key

Note: You won’t see any screen activity from the Apple notebook computer you are trying to revive or restore.

If reviving or restoring a Mac Pro (2019):

You need to revive the firmware in a Mac Pro if the light turns amber and flashes the following sequence in under 4 seconds: three short flashes, three long flashes, and three short flashes again. For more information, see the Apple Support article Mac Pro (2019) status indicator light behavior.

1. Connect a monitor to your Mac Pro (so you can see when the process is complete).

2. Disconnect the Mac Pro from power, then do one of the following:

For the desktop Mac Pro , plug the USB-C cable into the Thunderbolt port farthest away from the power button.

For the rack mount Mac Pro , plug the USB-C cable into the Thunderbolt port closest to the power button.

3. While holding down the power button, connect the Mac Pro to power and continue to hold the power button for about 3 seconds.

Note: You won’t see any screen activity from the Mac Pro you are trying to revive or restore.

Step 3: Revive the firmware

In the Apple Configurator 2 window on the first Mac, select the DFU icon of the Mac whose chip firmware you want to revive.

Do one of the following:

Choose Actions > Advanced > Revive Device, then click Revive.

Control-click the selected DFU icon, then choose Advanced > Revive Device, then click Revive.

Note: If you lose power to either Mac during this process, begin the revive process again.

Wait for the process to complete. During this process, an Apple logo will appear and disappear on the second Mac.

After the process successfully completes, your Mac will reboot.

Note: If the revive was unsuccessful, proceed to step 4.

If necessary, use recoveryOS to reinstall macOS.

Quit Apple Configurator 2 on the first Mac, then unplug any cables and adapters.

Step 4: Restore the firmware and erase all data

In the Apple Configurator 2 window on the first Mac, select the DFU icon of the Mac to be restored.

Do one of the following:

Choose Actions > Restore, then click Restore.

Control-click the selected DFU icon, then choose Actions > Restore, then click Restore.

The restore confirmation dialog.

Note: If you lose power to either Mac during this process, begin the restore process again.

Wait for the process to complete. During this process, an Apple logo will appear and disappear on the second Mac.

After the process completes, your Mac will restart.

After the Mac restarts, press Shift-Option-Command-R at startup (Internet Recovery) to install the macOS that came with your Mac, or the closest version still available.

See the Apple Support article How to reinstall macOS.

Quit Apple Configurator 2 and unplug any adapters and cables.

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Back up and restore your iPhone or iPad to your Mac or to iCloud

One of the best ways of safeguarding the information on an iPhone or iPad against damage or loss is backing up or copying your files and settings to either your Mac or to iCloud. Backing up is also useful if you get a new device and want to transfer your previous settings to it.

After you back up your device, you can use the backup to restore the information on your device whenever needed. If your device has issues that can’t be fixed by restoring from a backup, you can also restore your device to its factory settings and then restore a recent backup to see if that fixes the problem.

Back up your device

Connect your device to your Mac.

You can connect your device using a USB or USB-C cable or using a Wi-Fi connection. See Sync content between your Mac and iPhone or iPad over Wi-Fi.

In the Finder on your Mac, select the device in the Finder sidebar.

If you connect your device to your Mac using a USB cable and can’t see the device in the Finder sidebar, see If your device doesn’t appear in the sidebar.

Click General in the button bar.

To select backup options, do any of the following:

Select the “Back up your most important data on your [device] to iCloud” button to store backup data on iCloud and not on your Mac.

Select the “Back up all the data on your [device] to this Mac” to store backups on your Mac.

Select the “Encrypt local backup” tickbox to encrypt your backup data and protect it with a password. To change your password later, click Change Password.

Click Back Up Now.

Restore your device from a backup

If your device has an issue, you can use a recent backup to restore the information on the device.

Connect your device to your Mac.

You can connect your device using a USB or USB-C cable or using a Wi-Fi connection. See Sync content between your Mac and iPhone or iPad over Wi-Fi.

In the Finder on your Mac, select the device in the Finder sidebar.

Click General in the button bar.

Click Restore Backup.

Click the Backup pop-up menu, choose the backup you want to restore to the device, then click Restore.

If your backup is encrypted, you must enter the password before restoring your files and settings.

Restore your device to its factory settings

You can reinstall the software originally on your device and restore it to its factory settings. You might need to do this if you’re having problems with the device (for example, if it freezes or crashes frequently) of if you’re getting ready to sell or give it away.

Important: Restoring a device to its factory settings deletes all your information and settings. However, before doing so, your Mac backs up your device. You can use this backup to restore your information and settings on the device.

Note: You must turn off the Find My app in iCloud Settings on your device before you can restore your device.

Connect your device to your Mac using a USB or USB-C cable.

You can’t restore your device using a Wi-Fi connection.

In the Finder on your Mac, select the device in the Finder sidebar.

Click General in the button bar.

Click “Restore [device]”, then follow the onscreen instructions.

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