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  1. Apple’s ‘secret’ $275 billion deal with China exposed
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Apple’s ‘secret’ $275 billion deal with China exposed

Struck in 2016, the massive five-year agreement included a vow from Apple to boost the Chinese economy through investments and other business enterprises, according to a report by the Information on Tuesday, which is based on interviews with company insiders and Apple documents.

The deal was said to have been signed with China’s National Development and Reform Commission after Cook made several trips to the country, during a time when Apple faced a “series of regulatory actions” from the government that negatively impacted its business, the outlet reported, noting that officials in Beijing believed the company “wasn’t contributing enough to the local economy.”

Cook attempted to lobby the Chinese government throughout 2016, as it was implementing measures that would have damaged his company’s App Store, iCloud and Apple Pay systems, and which resulted in decreased iPhone sales for some time.

In addition to agreeing to set up a string of new retail locations, renewable energy initiatives and R&D centers across China, Cook purportedly pledged that his firm would work alongside Chinese academics and local manufacturers, and even buy components from suppliers in-country. In exchange for “necessary support and assistance” from the government, Apple would “grow together with Chinese enterprises to achieve mutual benefits and a win-win situation.”

Soon after the alleged deal, Apple publicly declared a $1 billion investment into a Chinese Uber competitor, Didi Chuxing, in May 2016, which Cook claimed would offer “a chance to learn more about certain segments of the China market.” The same year, it also announced a major deal with the country’s top wind turbine producer, Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology, and made plans to move iCloud operations over to China in 2017. A $300 million green energy fund was established by 2018, all seemingly in line with the five-year agreement.

Apple’s business in China appears to have recovered significantly since the regulatory crackdown in 2016, setting a quarterly revenue record of $68 billion there last summer while continuing to open new storefronts and research centers. China now makes up for about one-fifth of Apple’s total sales, according to the report.

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Почему товары Apple разработаны в Калифорнии, но собраны в Китае

Посмотрите на заднюю панель своего айфона, айпада или макбука. Вы увидите слова «Designed by Apple in California. Assembled in China.» Многие американцы, включая самого президента, задавались вопросом, почему Apple вынесла практически все свои производственные мощности за границу. В прошлом году на званом обеде с участием президента и управляющих важнейшими технологическими компаниями США, Обама прямо спросил Джобса, чего будет стоить вернуть рабочие места в Штаты. По словам Джобса, не существует никаких возможностей для этого.

Почему не существует? Почему айфоны, айпады и все прочие магические гаджеты компании Apple не могут быть произведены в США? И вообще, почему американские компании по производству бытовой электроники и компьютеров не могут собирать больше своих товаров в родной стране, создавая новые рабочие места и помогая экономике в борьбе с кризисом?

Газета New York Times задалась этим вопросом и, проведя очень серьезное исследование, включавшее разговоры с бывшими и нынешними управленцами из Apple, получила простой и пугающий ответ: айфоны не делают в Америке потому, что в Америке их сделать невозможно. Необходимая для такого производства инфраструктура отсутствует. И рабочих в таком количестве нет.

На китайском заводе, где производится конечная сборка большинства айфонов, работает 230 тысяч человек. Я спросил у Siri, сколько в США городов с населением больше этого числа. Таких городов всего 83. Причем население не равно количеству работоспособных людей. В среднем, работоспособное население составляет 65 процентов от общего числа жителей. Получается, что только в 50 городах страны есть достаточное количество работоспособного населения. При этом даже в Нью-Йорке, самом крупном американском городе, 230 тысяч человек составляют 3% от общего числа жителей. Вы можете себе представить, что трое из ста жителей Нью-Йорка ежедневно сидят у конвейера и собирают айфоны?

За последние пару лет мы слышали достаточно о проблемах с условиями работы на заводах Foxconn. Эта китайская компания отвечает за сборку бытовой электроники для большинства крупных компаний, включая Apple. Примерно четверть из этих 230 тысяч живут в заводских общежитиях или бараках на территории завода. То есть почти 60 тысяч человек живут и работают на заводе. Многие люди из «Foxconn City» работают 6 дней в неделю, 12 часов в день и зарабатывают меньше 17 долларов в день. Возможно, такие условия кажутся бесчеловечными с точки зрения американских стандартов, но рабочие места на заводе пользуются большой популярностью. Настолько большой, что Дженнифер Ригони (Jennifer Rigoni), бывший менеджер по снабжению компании Apple, сказала в интервью газете New York Times, что Foxconn «может нанять 3 000 человек в день».

Это всего лишь пара примеров того, как масштабируемость, скорость и эффективность китайских производств превосходит все, на что способны производства в Штатах на данный момент. Но в отчете газеты есть и другие убийственные моменты. Разумеется, 200 тысяч рабочих, сидящих у конвейера и вставляющих деталь A в разъем B, можно считать неквалифицированной рабочей силой. Но на заводе есть еще и 8 700 инженеров, которые контролируют процесс. Этих людей нельзя считать неквалифицированными. При этом, согласно журналистам из Times, для того, чтобы найти и нанять столько квалифицированных инженеров в Штатах, потребуется девять месяцев. Китайцы наняли столько инженеров за 15 дней.

Помимо примечательного исключения в виде процессора A5 (производится в Техасе — прим. переводчика), большинство комплектующих для айфонов также производится за рубежом. Многие комплектующие производятся недалеко от места сборки конечной продукции. Если доставлять эти комплектующие для сборки на заводах в Штатах, то появятся дополнительные расходы. И, что еще хуже для Apple, дополнительные задержки.

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Традиционно защитники вынесения производств за границу приводят аргументы так или иначе связанные с ценой. «Сделать это в Америке выйдет дороже» — говорят они. «Вам придется платить более высокие зарплаты, давать бонусы, оплачивать страховку, выплачивать более высокие налоги». Так как компании работают ради прибыли, то увеличившаяся себестоимость обязательно отразится на цене для покупателей.

Преувеличивая, многие даже говорили о том, что айфон, собранный в Штатах, будет стоить тысячи долларов. Выясняется, что это не так. Согласно исследованию New York Times, дополнительные расходы на выплату зарплат американцам добавят к цене айфона 65 долларов. И все остальные дополнительные расходы в сумме, скорее всего, не приведут к тому, что 16-ти гигабайтный iPhone 4S будет стоить больше тысячи долларов без контракта. Но даже не цена является главной причиной того, почему Apple вынесла производство в Китай. Основная причина в том, что компании нужны заводы, на которых можно быстро произвести как можно больше айфонов. При этом требуется гибкость и быстрая адаптация к требованиям Apple. По словам одного из нынешних менеджеров Apple: «США перестали производить людей с необходимыми нам навыками».

Газета Times приводит говорящий пример из ранней истории айфонов. Все случилось еще до появления айфонов на рынке. Сейчас тяжело в это поверить, но изначально экраны айфонов планировалась делать из пластика. Такого же, как у айподов, продававшихся в то время. В середине 2007 года, чуть больше чем за месяц до первого появления айфонов в магазинах, Джобс вдруг понял всю глупость такого решения. Джобс носил прототип айфона в кармане джинсов, и экран этого прототипа к тому времени покрылся десятками царапин. «Я не буду продавать товар, который так царапается. Я хочу стеклянный экран, и я хочу, чтобы все было сделано идеально за 6 недель».

Любой, кто знает как работал Джобс, поймет, что Стив не блефовал. Если товар не будет соответствовать его стандартам, то продавать его не будут. Без вариантов. Шесть месяцев ожидания появления первого айфона на прилавках подогрели интерес до безумного уровня, так что в Apple знали, что им придется штамповать айфоны как можно быстрее. И изменения в требованиях к одному из важнейших компонентов, внесенные в последний момент, означали объявление такого аврала, который просто невозможен на американских производствах. Apple стала бы посмешищем на все время задержки. Но, то, на что в Штатах потребовалось бы несколько месяцев, в Китае заняло 6 недель. Apple договорилась с Corning о поставках устойчивого к царапинам стекла, а китайские заводы смогли мгновенно интегрировать это стекло в существующий дизайн айфона.

Apple является американской компанией, пожинающей беспрецедентный финансовый успех. Поэтому многие американцы сокрушаются по поводу того, что стране мало что достается от этого успеха. Apple дает работу 43 тысячам человек в США. Это меньше чем пятая часть от наемных рабочих, собирающих айфоны на одном китайском заводе. Кто-то может сказать, что Apple добилась успеха в чем-то за счет американских рабочих (потому что сэкономила на них — прим. переводчика). Но если верить отчету New York Times, то получается, что такой рабочей силы, какая нужна Apple, в Штатах никогда и не было.

Примечание: в переводе использованы изображения Reuters и spread shirt.

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The people here at Apple don’t just build products — we craft the kind of wonder that’s revolutionized entire industries. It’s the diversity of those people and their ideas that supports the innovation that runs through everything we do, from amazing technology to industry-leading environmental efforts. Join Apple and help us leave the world better than we found it! At Apple, new ideas have a way of becoming great products, services, and customer experiences very quickly. The Apple Online Store is a dynamic, flexible and ever-evolving business environment. We have an opportunity for a Use.

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Imagine what you could do here! At Apple, wonderful ideas have a way of becoming extraordinary products, services, and customer experiences very quickly. Bring passion and dedication to your job and there’s no telling what you could accomplish. At Apple, we don’t just build products — we create the kind of wonder that’s revolutionized entire industries. It’s the diversity of our people and their ideas that supports the innovation that runs through everything we do, from amazing technology to industry-leading environmental efforts. We invite you to join us on this venture and help us leav.

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  • Role Number: 200298158
  • Weekly Hours: 40 Hours

Support the manufacturing process development work of multi-type Brittle Material components (Glass, Ceramic, Sapphire etc.) and subassemblies of iPhone / Watch / iPad / Mac products. Design the glass manufacturing process based on drawing requirement, including proposing process flow, selecting equipments, designing tools/fixtures, driving DOEs to find out the best machine setups and parameters, trouble-shooting dimensional / cosmetic / reliability problems, and finalizing the process solution from prototype stage to mass production stage.

Get Discovered

Share some basic information and submit your resume. If there’s a role that might be a good match, an Apple recruiter will be in touch.

Apple is an equal opportunity employer that is committed to inclusion and diversity. We take affirmative action to ensure equal opportunity for all applicants without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, Veteran status, or other legally protected characteristics. Learn more about your EEO rights as an applicant (Opens in a new window) .

Apple will not discriminate or retaliate against applicants who inquire about, disclose, or discuss their compensation or that of other applicants. United States Department of Labor. Learn more (Opens in a new window) .

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Apple is committed to working with and providing reasonable accommodation to applicants with physical and mental disabilities. Apple is a drug-free workplace. Reasonable Accommodation and Drug Free Workplace policy Learn more (Opens in a new window) .

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