FCE word formation
For questions 1- 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
steel that doesn’t rust
Harry Brearley, the son of a Sheffield steel smelter, left school at 12 to go to work in one of the city’s steelworks. He was an (1) . chap and started to study metallurgy at home and in evening classes. He (2) . built a reputation for expertise, and still in his 30s was chosen to run a new (3) . facility funded by two of Sheffield’s largest steel companies. In 1912, he was tasked by a small-arms manufacturer to find a material that could (4) . the life of their gun barrels. He set out to find erosion-resistant steel, but found corrosion-resistant steel instead. The story goes that in 1913 he threw out some (5) . steel made of 12.8 per cent chromium and 0.24 per cent carbon. A few weeks later, he found it in the yard still (6) . as new. This apparently serendipitous discovery led to the (7) . of the already established cutlery industry in Sheffield. Stainless steel is now used in everything from (8) . instruments and turbine blades to architectural cladding.
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ANSWER keys
GAP 1 (AMBITIOUS) . steelworks. He was an ambitious chap and started to study metallurgy at home and .
AMBITION => AMBITIOUS | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
OUS => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) having the nature or quality of. (POISONOUS/MARVELLOUS/FABULOUS)
Root Words
1). She was the kind of friend who was so ambitiously motivated about her goals. AMBITIOUS + LY => ADVERB
2). They were very ambitious for their children. AMBITI(ON) + OUS => ADJECTIVE
3). It was an unambitious plan, probably reflecting the need for economy. UN + AMBITI(ON) + OUS => ADJECTIVE
GAP 2 (GRADUALLY) . evening classes. He gradually built a reputation for expertise, and still in his 30s .
GRADUAL => GRADUALLY | ADJECTIVE => ADVERB
LY => SUFFIX (IN ADVERBS) in a specified manner. (VIRTUALLY/SADLY/SLOWLY)
Root Words
1). John is a Harvard graduate . GRAD(E)U + ATE => NOUN
2). After graduation Maria returned to Spain. GRADUAT(E) + ION => NOUN
3). She gradually became aware of an awful smell. GRADUAL + LY => ADVERB
GAP 3 (RESEARCH) . chosen to run a new research facility funded by two of Sheffield’s largest steel companies .
SEARCH => RESEARCH | VERB => NOUN
RE => PREFIX (IN VERBS, NOUNS) again in a better way. (REDO/REUNITE/REDECORATE)
Root Words
1). She is working on cancer research . RE + SEARCH => NOUN
2). Researchers conducted telephone interviews with over 7,000 members of public. RE + SEARCH + ER => NOUN
3). He avoided her long searching look. SEARCH + ING => ADJECTIVE
GAP 4 (PROLONG) . material that could prolong the life of their gun barrels. He set out to find .
LONG => PROLONG | ADJECTIVE => VERB
PRO => PREFIX (IN VERBS) before in time or position, anterior, forward. (PROCEEDE/PROLOGUE/PRODUCE)
Root Words
1). The river is 600 kilometres in length . LONG => LENGTH (INTERNAL CHANGE)
2). Could you lengthen this skirt for me? LENGTH + EN => VERB
3). The city lies at longitude 14° west. LONG + ITUDE => NOUN
GAP 5 (EXPERIMENTAL) . threw out some experimental steel made of 12.8 per cent chromium and 0.24 .
EXPERIMENT => EXPERIMENTAL | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
AL => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) connected with. (MAGICAL//GEOGRAPHICAL/FICTIONAL).
Root Words
1). This theory can be confirmed experimentally . EXPERIMENTAL + LY => ADVERB
2). The equipment is still at the experimental stage. EXPERIMENT + AL => ADJECTIVE
3). He performs chemical experiments . EXPERIMENT => NOUN
GAP 6 (SHINY) . it in the yard still shiny as new. This apparently serendipitous discovery .
SHINE => SHINY | VERB => ADJECTIVE
Y => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) having the qualities of something. (DUSTY/MUDDY/RUNNY)
Root Words
1). She had shining black hair. SHIN(E) + ING => ADJECTIVE
2). George has bought a shiny black car. SHIN(E) + Y => ADJECTIVE
3). Nothing like a little shininess to make things look expensive. SHIN(E)I + NESS => NOUN
GAP 7 (TRANSFORMATION) . discovery led to the transformation of the already established cutlery industry .
TRANSFORM => TRANSFORMATION | VERB => NOUN
ATION => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or process of doing something. (FASCINATION/PROVOCATION/DECORATION)
Root Words
1). The car industry has undergone a dramatic transformation . TRANSFORM + ATION => NOUN
2). It was an event that would transform my life. TRANSFORM => VERB
3). Do you happen to know how to repair this faulty transformer ? TRANFORM + ER => NOUN
GAP 8 (SURGICAL) . in everything from surgical instruments and turbine blades to architectural cladding .
SURGERY => SURGICAL | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
ICAL => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) another form of the suffix -IC. (HISTORICAL/PRACTICAL/SATIRICAL)
Root Words
1). He required surgery on his left leg. SURGE + RY => NOUN
2). Andy is a heart surgeon . SURGE + ON => NOUN
3). The lumps will need to be surgically removed. SURGICAL + LY => ADVERB
Источник
FCE word formation
For questions 1- 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
Berlin
Seemingly in a perpetual state of (1) . Berlin is an extraordinary city. For over a century, events here have either mirrored or determined what has happened in the rest of Europe, and, more than a decade after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the city is on the move again, working (2) . to re-create itself as the capital of Europe’s most (3) . country and as an international metropolis on a level with London, Paris or New York. The speed of change has been astounding, with a complete shift in the city’s centre of gravity. The area around Zoo Station, the very heart of Berlin when the Wall was in place, has lost much of its lure — there’s still plenty of (4) . to be had, but the action, both daytime and night-time, is now firmly rooted in the east. Scores of (5) . bars, restaurants, clubs and galleries have taken over once quiet streets and weekend nights now have a carnival-like atmosphere, the pavements (6) . impassable. Sleek chrome and glass has replaced crumbling brick throughout the (7) . of Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg and Friedrichshain, yanking them out of a fifty-year slumber, while Potsdamer Platz, nothing but a barren field until a few years ago, is now a bustling (8) . quarter.
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ANSWER KEYS
GAP 1 (TRANSFORMATION) . perpetual state of transformation Berlin is an extraordinary city. For over a century, events .
TRANSFORM => TRANSFORMATION | VERB => NOUN
ATION => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or process of doing something. (FASCINATION/PROVOCATION/DECORATION)
Root Words
1). The car industry has undergone a dramatic transformation . TRANSFORM + ATION => NOUN
2). It was an event that would transform my life. TRANSFORM => VERB
3). Do you happen to know how to repair this faulty transformer ? TRANFORM + ER => NOUN
GAP 2 (FURIOUSLY) . again, working furiously to re-create itself as the capital of Europe’s most .
FURIOUS => FURIOUSLY | ADJECTIVE => ADVERB
LY => SUFFIX (IN ADVERBS) in a specified manner. (VIRTUALLY/SADLY/SLOWLY)
Root Words
1). He was in a terrible fury . FURY => NOUN
2). Jane was furious with her husband. FUR + IOUS => ADJECTIVE
3). They worked furiously to repair the car. FURIOUS + LY => ADVERB
GAP 3 (POWERFUL) . of Europe’s most powerful country and as an international metropolis on a level with .
POWER => POWERFUL | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
FUL => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) having the quality of something or causing something. (FORGETFUL/PAINFUL/RESTFUL
Root Words
1). He’s powerful in local politics. POWER + FUL => ADJECTIVE
2). The king was powerless to prevent the execution. POWER + LESS => ADJECTIVE
3). Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug. POWERFUL + LY => ADVERB
GAP 4 (SHOPPING) . there’s still plenty of shopping to be had, but the action, both daytime and night-time, .
SHOP => SHOPPING | VERB => NOUN
ING => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) action or process. (MEETING/SLEEPING/RUNNING)
Root Words
1). The street was full of shoppers . SHOP + PER => NOUN
2). Jim helped his mother to carry her shopping home. SHOP + PING => NOUN
3). Karen’s had a long career as a shoplifter . SHOP + LIFTER => COMPOUND NOUN
GAP 5 (TRENDY) . east. Scores of trendy bars, restaurants, clubs and galleries have taken over once .
TREND => TRENDY | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
Y => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) having the qualities of something. (DUSTY/MUDDY/RUNNY)
Root Words
1). She enjoys buying trendy clothes. TREND + Y => ADJECTIVE
2). The trend in education is towards more helpful teaching methods. TREND => NOUN
3). Is dyeing your hair blonde or black untrendy ? UN + TRENDY => ADJECTIVE
GAP 6 (PRACTICALLY) . the pavements practically impassable. Sleek chrome and glass has replaced crumbling .
PRACTICAL => PRACTICALLY | ADJECTIVE => ADVERB
LY => SUFFIX (IN ADVERBS) in a specified manner. (VIRTUALLY/SADLY/SLOWLY)
Root Words
1). We need someone practical to lead the team. PRACTIC + AL => ADJECTIVE
2). The bus was practically full. PRACTICAL + LY => ADVERB
3). He has musical talent, but he needs a lot of practice . PRACTICE => NOUN
GAP 7 (NEIGHBOURHOODS) . throughout the neighbourhoods of Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg and Friedrichshain, yanking .
NEIGHBOUR => NEIGHBOURHOOD | NOUN => NOUN
HOOD => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) a group of people of the type mentioned. (BROTHERHOOD/PRIESTHOOD/CHILDHOOD)
Root Words
1). She lives somewhere in the neighbourhood of the station. NEIGHBOUR + HOOD => NOUN
2). Germany and Poland are neighbouring countries. NEIGHBOUR + ING => ADJECTIVE
3). Keith is my next door neighbour . NEIGHBOUR => NOUN
GAP 8 (ENTERTAINMENT) . now a bustling entertainment quarter. The relocation of government from Bonn to Berlin has played .
ENTERTAIN => ENTERTAINMENT | VERB => NOUN
MENT => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or result of. (DEVELOPMENT/IMPROVEMENT/AMAZEMENT)
Root Words
1). There is always plenty of entertainment in a big city. ENTERTAIN + MENT => NOUN
2). Robert is a great entertainer . ENTERTAIN + ER => NOUN
3). MTV nowadays isn’t very entertaining . ENTERTAIN + ING => ADJECTIVE
Источник
FCE word formation
For questions 1- 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
Amsterdam
Amsterdam was founded as a fishing village around the 13th century. A dam was built on the river Amstel, hence the name Amsterdam, dam on the river Amstel. Then in 16th century, the Dutch war of (1) . began against the Spanish rule. Although originally on the Spanish side, Amsterdam switched side in 1578. As a result, (2) . of religion was reinstated, a very smart move at the time. (3) . Jewish families from Spain and Portugal came to settle in the Netherlands. Merchants of Antwerp fled the (4) . and ransacking of their city by the Spanish. The «Hugenotes» from France sought refuge in Amsterdam so they could practice their religion. But in Amsterdam nobody really had a (5) . as long as you were willing to pay your taxes and do your bit for economy. The 17th century was Amsterdam’s Golden Age. Amsterdam’s ships sailed to Indonesia, Brazil and Africa, gathering an (6) . Empire in the process. This was also the same century as Rembrandt and the (7) . of the Canals. Amsterdam became the most (8) . port in the world and an international centre for banking.
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ANSWERS
GAP 1 (INDEPENDENCE) . Dutch war of independence began against the Spanish rule. Although originally .
INDEPENDENT => INDEPENDENCE | ADJECTIVE => NOUN
ENCE => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or state of. (CONFIDENCE/DEPENDENCE/REFERENCE)
Root Words
1). He is completely independent and receives no money from his family. IN + DEPENDENT => ADJECTIVE
2). A child is dependent on his parents. DEPEND + ENT => ADJECTIVE
3). I’m sure she’ll remember to buy the food — she’s very dependable . DEPEND + ABLE => ADJECTIVE
GAP 2 (FREEDOM) . As a result, freedom of religion was reinstated, a very smart move at .
FREE => FREEDOM | ADJECTIVE => NOUN
DOM => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the condition or state of. (WISDOM//BOREDOM/FREEDOM).
Root Words
1). You can speak freely to a friend. FREE + LY => ADVERB
2). The prisoner was given his freedom . FREE + DOM => NOUN
3). You are free to do what you like. FREE => ADJECTIVE
GAP 3 (WEALTHY) . at the time. Wealthy Jewish families from Spain and Portugal came to .
WEALTH => WEALTHY | NOUN => ADJECTIVE
Y => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) having the qualities of something. (DUSTY/MUDDY/RUNNY)
Root Words
1). She is a woman of great wealth . WEALTH => NOUN
2). The Browns live in a wealthy suburb. WEALTH + Y => ADJECTIVE
3). Look, you live in an unwealthy country. UN + WEALTHY => ADJECTIVE
GAP 4 (DESTRUCTION) . Antwerp fled the destruction and ransacking of their city by the Spanish. The .
DESTROY => DESTRUCTION | VERB => NOUN
TION => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or state of. (COMPETITION//PERFECTION/HESITATION).
Root Words
1). Small children can be very destructive . DESTRUCT + IVE => ADJECTIVE
2). They are trying to save the old cinema from destruction . DESTRUC + TION => NOUN
3). He made me destroy all the files. DESTROY => VERB
GAP 5 (BELIEF) . really had a belief, as long as you were willing to pay your taxes and do your bit for economy .
BELIEVE => BELIEF | VERB => NOUN
INTERNAL CHANGE (IN NOUNS) (WIDE => WIDTH | SEE => SIGHT | CHOOSE => CHOICE)
Root Words
1). I have no belief in her ability to save us. BELIEF => NOUN
2). His good luck is unbelievable . UN + BELIEVABLE => ADJECTIVE
3). I’m a great believer in goodness. BELIEV + ER => NOUN
GAP 6 (IMPRESSIVE) . gathering an impressive Empire in the process. This was also the same century .
IMPRESS => IMPRESSIVE | VERB => ADJECTIVE
IVE => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) tending to; having the nature of. (EXPLOSIVE/ACTIVE/DESCRIPTIVE)
Root Words
1). The film made a great impression on her. IMPRESS + ION => NOUN
2). That was an impressive ceremony. IMPRESS + IVE => ADJECTIVE
3). Young people can be very impressionable . IMPRESSION + ABLE => ADJECTIVE
GAP 7 (CONSTRUCTION) . Rembrandt and the construction of the Canals. Amsterdam became the most .
CONSTRUCT => CONSTRUCTION | VERB => NOUN
ION => SUFFIX (IN NOUNS) the action or state of. (COMPETITION//PERFECTION/CONFESSION).
Root Words
1). A new road is under construction . CONSTRUCT + ION => NOUN
2). They are planning to construct a new stadium. CONSTRUCT => VERB
3). Their feedback was very constructive . CONSTRUCT + IVE => ADJECTIVE
GAP 8 (IMPORTANT) . became the most important port in the the world and an international centre for banking. .
IMPORT => IMPORTANT | VERB => ADJECTIVE
ANT => SUFFIX (IN ADJECTIVES) that is or does something. (SIGNIFICANT/TOLERANT/IRRELEVANT)
Root Words
1). Catherine has an important job. IMPORT + ANT => ADJECTIVE
2). This is a matter of great importance . IMPORT + ANCE => NOUN
3). This company is the EU largest importer of agricultural produce. IMPORT + ER => NOUN
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