If you drop an apple

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7 класс. Английский язык. Conditional 0. Придаточные условия нулевого типа.

7 класс. Английский язык. Conditional 0. Придаточные условия нулевого типа.

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Общая информация об условных предложениях

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния – это такие пред­ло­же­ния, ко­то­рые по­ка­зы­ва­ют, что дей­ствие от че­го-то за­ви­сит, то есть име­ет­ся ка­кое-то усло­вие. Усло­вия могут от­но­сить­ся к мо­мен­ту в бу­ду­щем, на­сто­я­щем или про­шлом вре­ме­ни и быть ре­аль­ны­ми инере­аль­ны­ми. По­доб­ные пред­ло­же­ния еще на­зы­ва­ют If— или when-clauses.

Условные предложения нулевого типа: образование и особенности употребления

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния можно раз­де­лить на несколь­ко типов:

• First Conditional;
• Second Conditional;
• Third Conditional;
• Zero Conditional;
• Mixed Conditional.

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния пер­во­го типа (theFirst Conditional)опи­сы­ва­ют ре­аль­ные си­ту­а­ции, ос­но­ван­ные на фак­тах.

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния вто­ро­готипа (theSecondConditional) опи­сы­ва­ют нере­аль­ныевы­мыш­лен­ныеси­ту­а­ции.

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния тре­тье­го типа (theThird Conditional) под­чер­ки­ва­ют аб­со­лют­ную нере­аль­ность вы­пол­не­ния того или иного усло­вия впро­шлом.

Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния сме­шан­но­го типа (MixedConditionals) по­ка­зы­ва­ют, что усло­вие от­но­сит­ся к про­шед­ше­му вре­ме­ни, аре­зуль­тат – к на­сто­я­ще­му или бу­ду­ще­му (или на­о­бо­рот).

В ан­глий­ском языке су­ще­ству­ет еще один вид услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний, ко­то­рый часто на­зы­ва­ют the Zero Conditional. Это необыч­ный тип услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний. Услов­ные пред­ло­же­ния ну­ле­во­го типа опи­сы­ва­ют аб­со­лют­нуюуве­рен­ность в ка­ких-то си­ту­а­ци­ях при вы­пол­не­нии опре­де­лен­ных усло­вий.

The Zero Conditional ис­поль­зу­ет­ся для опи­са­ния за­ко­нов при­ро­ды, об­ще­из­вест­ных истин, а также вещей, ос­но­ван­ных на на­уч­ных фак­тах.

Для по­стро­е­ния вы­ска­зы­ва­ний в the Zero Conditional и в глав­ном, и в при­да­точ­ном пред­ло­же­нии ис­поль­зу­ет­ся времяthePresent Simple.

If Clause Main Clause

(If Present Simple), [Present Simple].

Main Clause If Clause

[Present Simple] (if Present Simple).

If you heat water to 100⁰C, it boils. = It boils if you heat water to 100⁰C.

Об­ра­ти­те вни­ма­ние, что при­да­точ­ное и глав­ное пред­ло­же­ния могут ме­нять­ся ме­ста­ми без из­ме­не­ния смыс­ла. Грам­ма­ти­че­ская кон­струк­ция при этом также не по­ме­ня­ет­ся.

Рас­смот­рим сле­ду­ю­щие си­ту­а­ции:

If you drop an apple, it falls. = An apple falls if you drop it. – Если вы уро­ни­те яб­ло­ко, оно упа­дет.

(Это аб­со­лют­ная ис­ти­на, ос­но­ван­ная на за­коне зем­но­го при­тя­же­ния).

If you don’t do your homework, father is disappointed. = Father is disappointed if you don’t do your homework. – Если ты не вы­пол­ня­ешь до­маш­нее за­да­ние, папа рас­стра­и­ва­ет­ся.

(Это общая ис­ти­на, ос­но­ван­ная на зна­нии «Папа все­гда рас­стра­и­ва­ет­ся, если за­да­ние не вы­пол­не­но»).

Об­ра­ти­те вни­ма­ние, что в боль­шин­стве услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний типа ZeroConditional союз if имеет зна­че­ние when.

If you drop an apple, it falls. = When you drop an apple, it falls.

Сле­ду­ет об­ра­тить вни­ма­ние также на пунк­ту­а­цию, так как ан­глий­ская пунк­ту­а­ция несколь­ко от­ли­ча­ет­ся от рус­ской.

Если при­да­точ­ное пред­ло­же­ние с со­ю­зом if/when стоит на пер­вом месте, то после него, как пра­ви­ло, ста­вит­ся за­пя­тая. Если же при­да­точ­ное пред­ло­же­ние стоит после глав­но­го, то за­пя­тая (рис. 4) между ними не ста­вит­ся.

При­да­точ­ное пред­ло­же­ние, глав­ноепред­ло­же­ние.

Глав­ноепред­ло­же­ние при­да­точ­ноепред­ло­же­ние.

If you get into the water, you get wet. = You get wet if you get into the water.

If you don’t put on your sweater in winter, you get cold. = You get cold if you don’t put on your sweater in winter.

Упражнения

Чтобы лучше по­нять и усво­ить осо­бен­но­сти упо­треб­ле­ния услов­ных пред­ло­же­ний ну­ле­во­го типа (the Zero Conditional), необ­хо­ди­мо вы­пол­нить сле­ду­ю­щее упраж­не­ние.

Рас­крой­те скоб­ки, по­ста­вив гла­го­лы в нуж­ную форму

1. Water (freeze) if the temperature falls below zero.
2. If he’s angry, his face always (go) bright red.
3. If you put your money in a saving account, you (get) ten per cent interest.
4. If the microphone isn’t working, you (can/not) hear what he’s saying.
5. If there (be) only a few students, we usually close one of the classes.
6. If a balloon is filled with hot air, it (rise).
7. If water (boil), it changes into steam.
8. The machine stops automatically if something (go) wrong.

От­ве­ты к упраж­не­нию:

1. Water freezes if the temperature falls below zero.
2. If he’s angry, his face always goes bright red.
3. If you put your money in a saving account, you get ten per cent interest.
4. If the microphone isn’t working, you cannot hear what he’s saying.
5. If there are only a few students, we usually close one of the classes.
6. If a balloon is filled with hot air, it rises.
7. If water boils, it changes into steam.
8. The machine stops automatically if something goes wrong.

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Вставьте глагол в правильной форме (conditional 0 andi). 1) if you (drop) an apple, it (fall). 2) i (get) tired if i (work) too much. 3) water (boil) if you (heat) it to 100° c. 4) i (phone) my friend if i (have) time today. 5) if you (freeze) water, it (turn) into ice. 6) if it (rain) today, i (stay) at home. 7) if i (see) you tomorrow, i (buy) you a drink. 8) we (go) to the beach if it (be) warm tomorrow.

Ответы 6

1) If you BOIL water, it TURNS to steam.

2) If I WERE an astronaut, I WOULD TAKE the photos of Turkey from space.

3) If you PUT a stone in the water, it GOES down.

4) If you PUT oil into water, it FLOATS.

5) If there WERE no water onearth, we WOULDN’T EXIST.

6) If you WERE a bird, where WOULD you FLY to?

7) Anna WILL PASS the test if she STUDIES hard enough.

8) If you HEAT ice it MELTS.

9) I WOULDN’T DO that if I WERE you.

10) If he GETS any worse, I WILL TAKE him to the doctor’s.

11) If the snow GETS any worse, we WILL HAVE TO stop walking.

12) If ice MELTS, it TURNS to water.

1. If I WERE you, I WOULD get a new job.

2. If he WERE younger, he WOULD travel more.

3. If we WEREN’T friends, I WOULD be angry with you.

4. If I HAD enough money, I WOULD buy a big house.

5. If she WEREN’T always so late, she WOULD be promoted.

6. If we WON the lottery, we WOULD travel the world.

7. If you HAD a better job, we WOULD BE able to buy a new car.

8. If I SPOKE perfect English, I WOULD have a good job.

9. If we LIVED in Mexico, I WOULD speak Spanish.

10. If she HAD PASSED the exam, she WOULD HAVE BEEN able to enter the university.

11. She WOULD BE happier if she HAD more friends.

12. We WOULD HAVE BOUGHT a house if we HAD DECIDED to stay here.

13. They WOULD HAVE more money if they DIDN’T BUY so many clothes.

14. We WOULD come to dinner if we HAD time.

15. She WOULD call him if she KNEW his number.

16. They WOULD GO to Spain on holiday if they LIKED hot weather.

17. She WOULD HAVE PASSED the exam if she HAD STUDIED
more.

18. I WOULD MARRY someone famous if I WERE a movie star.

19. We WOULD never BE late again if we BOUGHT a new car.

20. You WOULD LOSE weight if you ATE less.

1. Вставьте глаголы в правильной форме (Conditional 0 и I).

1) If we live in Mexico, I will speak Spanish.

2) If one heats the water up to 100° C, it boils.

3) If you send this letter now, she will receive it tomorrow.

4) If it pours, the sun doesn’t shine.

5) Simon will go to London next week if he gets a cheap flight.

6) If it is warm tomorrow, will we go to the beach?

7) I will call you if I don’t forget my phone.

8) If you have a minute, please, call me.

9) If I find your ring, I will give it back to you.

10) When you don’t smoke and don drink alcohol, you are quite healthy.

2. Вставьте глаголы в правильной форме (ConditionalII).

1) She would be happier if she had more friends.

2) If he were younger, he would travel more.

3) What would you do if you met aliens?

4) We would swim if the weather weren’t bad.

5) I would marry someone famous if I were a movie star.

6) He would be on time if he left earlier.

7) If we had more time, we wouldn’t hurry so much.

8) If I were you, I would get a new job.

9) He would grieve if she weren’t with him?

10) If you could fly, where would you fly?

3. Вставьте глаголы в правильной форме (ConditionalIII).

1) If I had been born in a different country, I would have learnt to speak a different language.

2) If I had done this test, I would have improved my English.

3) If they had gone to bed early, they would not have woken up late.

4) She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.

5) We wouldn’t have got married if we hadn’t gone to the same university.

6) If she had passed the exam, she would have been able to enter university.

7) We would have come if we had been invited.

8) They would have had more money if they hadn’t bought so many clothes.

9) Peggy would have gone shopping if she had had time in the afternoon

10) She wouldn’t have done it if she had known you were ill.

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