Настройка unity3d для андроид

В недрах процесса построения Android сборки

Сборка Android-приложения происходит в два этапа:

1. Генерируется дистрибутив приложения (.apk-файл) со всеми необходимыми библиотеками и сериализованными ассетами.
2. Пакет приложения разворачивается на текущем устройстве.

Кнопка “Build” в окне “Build settings” запускает лишь первый этап. Кнопка “Build and Run” выполняет оба этапа.

При первой сборке Android-проекта Unity попросит вас указать путь до Android SDK, требуемого для сборки и установки вашего Android приложения на устройство. Вы можете поменять его позже в Preferences .

При сборке приложения под Android убедитесь, что в настройках устройства включены “USB Debugging” и “Allow mock locations”.

Run the adb devices command found in your Android SDK/platform-tools folder, so that the operating system can see your device. This should work both for Mac and Windows.

Unity соберёт дистрибутив приложения (.apk-файл) и установит его на ваше подключенное устройство. Иногда ваше приложение не сможет запуститься само как на iPhone, и вам нужно будет разблокировать экран; в редких случаях вам придётся запустить только что установленное приложение из меню.

Сжатие текстур.

В Build Settings вы также найдёте опцию Texture Compression . По умолчанию, Unity использует ETC1/RGBA16 формат для текстур, которые не имеют индивидуальных переопределений (см. 2D текстуры / переопределения для платформ).

Если вы желаете собрать архив приложения (.apk файл), нацеленного на определённую архитектуру оборудования, вы можете использовать опцию Texture Compression для переопределения поведения по умолчанию. Все несжатые текстуры (с отключенным сжатием в настройках импортера) останутся без изменений; только текстуры со сжатым форматом будут использовать выбранный в Texture Compression формат.

Чтобы убедиться, что приложение разворачивается только на устройствах, поддерживающих выбранное сжатие текстур, Unity включит в AndroidManifest тэги, соответствующие выбранному формату. Это позволит механизму фильтрации Android Market’а предоставлять приложение только тем устройствам, у которых имеется соответствующее графическое оборудование.

Google Android Project

Generates a project which can be opened by Android Studio. Simply follow the steps:

• Download Android Studio.
• Export the project from Unity with Google Android project checkbox selected.
• Open Android Studio:
  • File->Import Project. For ex., if you project was exported to C:\MyProjects, pick C:\MyProjects

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  Настройка Android SDK

  Прежде чем вы сможете запустить написанный код на Android-устройстве, нужно выполнить несколько простых действий. Это относится как к работе с Unity, так и к созданию приложений с нуля.

  1. Скачать Android SDK

  Зайдите на страницу Android Developer SDK. Скачайте архив с последней версией Android SDK и распакуйте его.

  2. Установить Android SDK

  Следуйте инструкциям на странице Installing the SDK (причём, вы можете свободно пропустить опциональные части, относящиеся к Eclipse). В шаге 4 руководства Installing the SDK убедитесь, что добавили как минимум одну Android platform (Android платформу) с уровнем API равным или выше 9 (платформа 2.3 или выше), Platform Tools и USB drivers (USB драйверы), если вы используете Windows.

  3. Удостовериться, что система определяет ваше устройство

  Это может быть не так просто, особенно на Windows системах, в которых драйвера часто бывают источником проблем. Также, с вашим устройством может идти дополнительная информация или особые драйверы от производителя.

  Для Windows: если Andoid устройство автоматически определяется системой, вам все равно придётся обновить драйверы на те, который поставляются с Android SDK. Это делается через диспетчер устройств Windows. —>Если устройство не определяется автоматически, используйте драйверы из Android SDK или особые драйверы, предоставленные производителем. —>Дополнительную информацию можно найти здесь: USB Drivers for Windows

  Для Mac: если вы разрабатываете на OSX, тогда обычно не требуется никаких дополнительных драйверов.

  Важно: Не забудьте включить “Отладку по USB” на вашем устройстве. Перейдите в Настройки -> Параметры разработчика , для включения отладки по USB. Начиная с Android Jelly Bean 4.2, параметры разработчика по умолчанию скрыты. Для их включения, понажимайте несколько раз пальцем на строку в меню Настройки -> Об устройстве -> Номер сборки . После этого вам станет доступен пункт Настройки -> Параметры разработчика .

  Если вы не уверены, что ваше устройство корректно установилось в системе, пожалуйста, прочтите страницу Решение проблем при разработке под Android для дополнительной информации.

  4. Добавить путь до Android SDK в Unity

  При первой сборке проекта под Android (или если Unity не сможет обнаружить SDK), вас попросят указать местоположение папки, в которую вы установили Android SDK (вы должны выделить корневую папку установленного SDK). Путь до Android SDK также можно изменить в редакторе, выбрав в меню Unity > Preferences и перейдя в раздел External Tools окна настроек.

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  Android environment setup

  Whether you’re building an Android application in Unity or programming it from scratch, you must set up the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) before you can build and run any code on your Android device. By default, Unity installs a Java Development Kit based on OpenJDK.

  1. Download the Android SDK

  You can install the Android SDK using command line tools or through Android Studio. Android Studio provides an easy to use GUI based tool but installs additional software on your computer. Using the command line tools is a smaller download and does not install additional software, but it can be more challenging to use.

  1a. Install the Android SDK using the command line tools

  Install or unpack the Android SDK. After installing, open the Android SDK Manager and add at least one Android SDK Platform, the Platform Tools, the Build Tools, and the USB drivers if you’re using Windows.

  To install an Android platform SDK and the associated tools:

  Unzip the tools folder to a location on your hard drive.

  Open a command-prompt window.

  Navigate to the bin folder in the location where you unzipped the tools folder:

  install folder > tools > bin

  Use the sdkmanager command line tool to retrieve the list of packages that you can install. The installable packages include the Platform SDKs, Build Tools, Platform tools, and other tools.

  Select a version of the Platform SDK to install. Platform SDKs take the following form in the list: platforms;android-xx. The xx indicates the SDK level. The larger the number, the newer the package. Typically, you can install the latest available version. However, there might be cases where Google has released a new version of the SDK that causes errors when you build your Unity Project. In that case, you must uninstall the SDK and install an earlier version. The general format of the command for package installation is sdkmanager

  . You can install the corresponding Platform Tools and Build Tools at the same time.

  Example: sdkmanager “platform-tools” “platforms;android–27” “build-tools;27.0.3”

  1. If you are running on Windows, install the USB device drivers:

  This installs the SDK to a directory named platforms in the same directory you unzipped the tools folder to.

  c: \platforms

  1b. Install the SDK using Android Studio

  Install Android studio from the Android developer portal. The Android developer portal provides detailed installation instructions.

  Note: Android Studio provides some ease of use benefits, but it is not fully tested for compatibility with Unity installs. If you encounter errors, Unity recommends using the command line method.

  When installing the Android platform SDK and other tools, you can typically install the latest available version. There might be cases in which Google has released a new version of the SDK that causes errors when you build your Unity Project. In that case, uninstall the SDK and install an earlier version.

  Install the associated Platform and Build tools at the same time. If you are running on Windows, install the USB device drivers.

  2. Enable USB debugging on your device

  To enable USB debugging, you must first enable Developer options on your device. To do this, find the build number in your device’s Settings menu. The location of the build number varies between devices; for stock Android, it’s usually in Settings > About phone > Build number. For specific information on your device and Android version, refer to your hardware manufacturer.

  After you navigate to the build number using the instructions above, tap on the build number seven times. A pop-up notification saying “You are now X steps away from being a developer” appears, with “X” being a number that counts down with every additional tap. On the seventh tap, Developer options are unlocked.

  Note: On Android versions prior to 4.2 (Jelly Bean), the Developer options are enabled by default.

  Go to Settings > Developer options, then enable USB debugging. Android now enters debug mode when it is connected to a computer via USB.

  Connect your device to your computer using a USB cable. If you are developing on a Windows computer, you might need to install the device-specific USB driver. See the manufacture website for your device for additional information.

  The setup process differs for Windows and macOS and is explained in detail on the Android developer website. For more information on connecting your Android device to the SDK, refer to the Running Your App section of the Android Developer documentation.

  3. Configure the Android SDK path in Unity

  The first time you create a Project for Android (or if Unity later fails to locate the SDK), Unity asks you to locate the folder in which you installed the Android SDK.

  If you installed the SDK using the sdkmanager, you can find the folder in \platforms .

  If you installed the SDK when you installed Android Studio, you can find the location in the Android Studio SDK Manager. To open the SDK Manager from Android Studio, go to Tools > Android > SDK Manager or select SDK Manager in the toolbar.

  To change the location of the Android SDK, in the Unity menu bar go to Unity > Preferences > External Tools.

  4. Download and set up the Android NDK

  If you are using the IL2CPP scripting backend for Android, you need the Android Native Development Kit (NDK). It contains the toolchains (such as compiler and linker) needed to build the necessary libraries and produce the output package (APK). If you are not targeting the IL2CPP backend, you can skip this step.

  Download Android NDK version r16b (64-bit) from the NDK Downloads web page. Extract the android-ndk-r16b folder to a directory on your computer and note the location.

  The first time you build a Project for Android using IL2CPP, Unity asks you to locate the folder in which you installed the Android NDK. Select the root folder of your NDK installation. To change the location of the Android NDK, in the Unity Editor, navigate to the menu: Unity > Preferences to display the Unity Preferences dialog box. Here, click External Tools.

  Using an alternate Java Development Kit

  Unity recommends that you use the JDK installed with the Android build tools, to ensure that you receive the correct version and configuration.

  If you have manually installed the JDK and do not want to duplicate the installation, you can specify the location in the Unity Preferences window. To do this, go to Preferences > External tools and enter the directory path in the JDK field:

  Preferences for Android external tools

  Warning: The Android tools do not support JDK 9 or later; an alternate JDK must be version 8. Unity does not officially support versions of the JDK other than the one embedded in the Android Build Tools.

  To change the JDK that Unity uses to build Android apps:

  Open the Project.

  In the left navigation column, select External Tools.

  Uncheck JDK Installed with Unity (recommended).

  In the JDK field enter the path to the JDK or use the Browse button to locate it.

  2018–11–21 Page amended with editorial review

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  Android environment setup

  To build and run for Android, you must install the Unity Android Build Support platform module. You also need to install the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) and the Native Development Kit (NDK) to build and run any code on your Android device. By default, Unity installs a Java Development Kit based on OpenJDK.

  Note: Unity supports Android 4.4 “KitKat” and above. See AndroidSdkVersions for details.

  1. Install Android Build Support and the Android SDK & NDK tools

  Use the Unity Hub to install Android Build Support and the required dependencies: Android SDK & NDK tools, and OpenJDK.

  Add Android modules

  You can install Android Build Support, the Android SDK & NDK tools and OpenJDK when you install the Unity Editor, or add them at a later time.

  For information on adding the Android modules:

  Note: If you’re using Unity on macOS 10.15 (Catalina) and you don’t install Android tools through the Unity Hub, your operating system’s default security settings will prevent the Android NDK binaries being executed. You must either change these security settings, or download a signed Android NDK (r16b) from the Android developer website.

  If you are using a 2018 version of Unity, see the Unity 2018.4 documentation for information on manually installing these dependencies.

  2. Enable USB debugging on your device

  To enable USB debugging, you must enable Developer options on your device. To do this, find the build number in your device’s Settings menu. The location of the build number varies between devices; for stock Android, it’s usually Settings > About phone > Build number. For specific information on your device and Android version, refer to your hardware manufacturer.

  After you navigate to the build number using the instructions above, tap on the build number seven times. A pop-up notification saying “You are now X steps away from being a developer” appears, with “X” being a number that counts down with every additional tap. On the seventh tap, Developer options are unlocked.

  Note: On Android versions prior to 4.2 (Jelly Bean), the Developer options are enabled by default.

  Go to Settings > Developer options (or, if this does not work, on some devices the path is Settings > System > Developer options), and check the USB debugging checkbox. Android now enters debug mode when it is connected to a computer via USB.

  Connect your device to your computer using a USB cable. If you are developing on a Windows computer, you might need to install a device-specific USB driver. See the manufacturer website for your device for additional information.

  The setup process differs for Windows and macOS and is explained in detail on the Android developer website. For more information on connecting your Android device to the SDK, refer to the Run Your App section of the Android Developer documentation.

  Customizing the Android SDK & NDK Tools and OpenJDK installation

  Unity recommends that you use the Unity Hub to install Android SDK & NDK tools, to ensure that you receive the correct versions and configuration. Unity installs Android SDK & NDK Tools and OpenJDK respectively in the SDK, NDK and OpenJDK folders under /Unity/Hub/Editor/[EditorVersion]/Editor/Data/PlaybackEngines/AndroidPlayer/.

  If you have multiple versions of Unity with the same required dependencies (be sure to check System requirements for the latest) and you want to avoid duplicating the installation of Android SDK & NDK Tools and OpenJDK, you can specify a shared location in the Unity Preferences window. To do this, go to Preferences > External tools and enter the directory paths in the SDK and NDK fields:

  Preferences window showing external tools settings for Android

  Warning: Unity does not officially support versions of the OpenJDK, SDK, or NDK other than the ones it supplies.

  To change the OpenJDK, SDK Tools, or NDK that Unity uses to build Android apps:

  1. Open the Project.
  2. Open the Preferences window (Windows and Linux: Edit >Preferences; macOS: Unity >Preferences).
  3. In the left navigation column, select External Tools.

  Change the OpenJDK path

  1. Uncheck JDK Installed with Unity (recommended).
  2. In the JDK field, enter the path to the JDK installation folder, or use the Browse button to locate it.

  Change the Android SDK Tools path

  1. Uncheck Android SDK Tools Installed with Unity (recommended).
  2. In the SDK field, enter the path to the SDK installation folder, or use the Browse button to locate it.

  Unity works with the most recent version of the Android SDK available at the time of the Unity version release.

  Change the Android NDK path

  1. Uncheck Android NDK Installed with Unity (recommended).
  2. In the NDK field, enter the path to the NDK installation folder, or use the Browse button to locate it.

  Each version of Unity requires a specific version of the Android NDK to be installed:

  Unity version	NDK version
  2017.4 LTS	r13d
  2018.4 LTS	r16b
  2019.1	r16b
  2019.2	r16b
  2019.3	r19

  See the System requirements page for a complete list of requirements.

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