Read file android sdk

What Is the Android SDK and How to Start Using It

Android SDK is a software development kit developed by Google for the Android platform. The Android SDK allows you to create Android apps, and you don’t need to be an expert to use it. In this tutorial, I’ll explain what the Android SDK is and how to get started with it.

Android SDK comes bundled with Android Studio, Google’s official integrated development environment (IDE) for the Android operating system. You can learn about Android Studio and the Android App Development Kit in another of my articles.

In this post, we’ll look at:

• What is the Android SDK?
• How to install the Android SDK
• What is the Android SDK Manager?
• What are the components of the Android SDK?

What Is the Android SDK?

The Android SDK is a collection of software development tools and libraries required to develop Android applications. Every time Google releases a new version of Android or an update, a corresponding SDK is also released which developers must download and install. It is worth noting that you can also download and use the Android SDK independently of Android Studio, but typically you’ll be working through Android Studio for any Android development.

The Android SDK comprises all the tools necessary to code programs from scratch and even test them. These tools provide a smooth flow of the development process from developing and debugging, through to packaging.

The Android SDK is compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux, so you can develop on any of those platforms.

How to Install the Android SDK

The Android SDK is optimized for Android Studio, and hence to effectively reap its benefits, you will need to install Android Studio. Having the Android SDK managed from within Android Studio is easier since support for languages like Java, Kotlin, and C++ is handled automatically. Not only that, but updates to the Android SDK are handled automatically by Android Studio.

To install the Android SDK from within Android Studio, first start Android Studio.

• From the Android Studio start page, select Configure > SDK Manager.

• If you already have Android Studio open, the SDK Manager icon is found on the top right corner, as shown below.

Install the required Android SDK platform packages and developer tools. A good start is to install:

• Android SDK Build-Tools
• Android Emulator
• Android SDK Platform-Tools
• Android SDK Tools
• Documentation for Android SDK

Click Apply, and Android Studio will install the selected tools and packages.

What Is the SDK Manager?

The Android SDK is composed of modular packages that you can download, install, and update separately using the Android SDK Manager. The SDK Manager helps to update new SDK releases and updates whenever a new Android platform is released. The SDK manager can be found in the top-right corner of the Android Studio screen, as shown below.

All that is required to follow the instructions provided, and the updates will be immediately downloaded to your environment.

What Are the Components of the Android SDK?

The Android SDK consists of an emulator, development tools, sample projects with source code, and the required libraries to build Android applications. Let’s look at the key components one by one.

Android SDK Tools

Android SDK Tools is a component of the Android SDK. It includes a complete set of development and debugging tools for Android, and is included with Android Studio. The SDK Tools also consist of testing tools and other utilities required to develop an app.

SDK Build Tools

Build tools are required for building components for building the actual binaries for your Android app. Always ensure your build tools component is up to date by downloading the latest version in the Android SDK Manager.

SDK Platform-Tools

Android Platform-Tools are used to support the features for the current Android platform and are necessary for Android app development. These tools interface with the Android platform on the device you use for testing. They include:

• Android Debug Bridge (adb): This is a handy command-line tool that lets you communicate with a device. The adb command allows you to perform device actions, such as installing and debugging apps. It also provides access to a Unix shell that you can use to run a variety of commands on a device.
• fastboot: This lets you flash a device with a new system image.
• systrace: This tool helps collect and inspect timing information across all processes running on your device at the system level. It’s crucial for debugging app performance.

SDK Platform-Tools are backward compatible, so you need only one version of the SDK Platform-Tools.

SDK Platform

For each version of Android, there’s one SDK Platform available. These are numbered according to the Android version (e.g. Android 7 Nougat) and an API version (e.g. API Level 24). Before you build an Android app, you must specify an SDK Platform as your build target. Newer SDK Platform versions have more features for developers, but older devices may not be compatible with the newer platform versions.

Google APIs

Google provides a number of exclusive Google APIs to make developing your app easier. They also offer a system image for the emulator so you can test your app using the Google APIs.

Android Emulator

The Android Emulator is a QEMU-based device-emulation tool that simulates Android devices on your computer, allowing developers to test applications on different devices and Android API levels, without needing to have physical devices for each. The emulator comes with configurations for various Android phones, tablets, Wear OS, and Android TV devices.

The Android emulator provides almost all of the capabilities of a real Android device. You can perform the following activities:

• simulate phone calls and text messages
• simulate different network speeds
• specify the location of the device
• simulate hardware sensors such as rotation
• access Google Play Store and much more

Often it is faster and easier to test your app with an emulator instead of using a physical device.

Conclusion

In this post, we looked at some of the basics of the Android SDK. The Android SDK is the only way to develop for Android devices. Fortunately, it contains extensive documentation, tutorials, samples, best practice guidance, and an array of tools for many different development tasks.

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Android Studio comes with some default templates to help start an app, but these are very basic and provide minimal, generic functionality.

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An Android app template is a great way to jump-start your app project or to learn some new skills by exploring the source code of a professionally made app.

Take a look at some of our roundups of the best Android app templates:

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Read & Write Data — Android SDKВ¶

About the Examples on this Page¶

The examples on this page use the data model of a project management app that has two Realm object types: Project and Task . A Project has zero or more Tasks .

See the schema for these two classes, Project and Task , below:

Read from Realm Database¶

A read from a realm generally consists of the following steps:

• Get all objects of a certain type from the realm.
• Optionally, filter the results using the query engine.
• Optionally, sort the results.

All query, filter, and sort operations return a results collection. The results collections are live, meaning they always contain the latest results of the associated query.

By default, you can only read or write to a realm in your application’s UI thread using asynchronous transactions. That is, you can only use Realm methods whose name ends with the word Async in the main thread of your Android application unless you explicitly allow the use of synchronous methods.

This restriction exists for the benefit of your application users: performing read and write operations on the UI thread can lead to unresponsive or slow UI interactions, so it’s usually best to handle these operations either asynchronously or in a background thread. However, if your application requires the use of synchronous realm reads or writes on the UI thread, you can explicitly allow the use of synchronous methods with the following SyncConfiguration options:

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SDK Platform Tools release notes

Android SDK Platform-Tools is a component for the Android SDK. It includes tools that interface with the Android platform, such as adb , fastboot , and systrace . These tools are required for Android app development. They’re also needed if you want to unlock your device bootloader and flash it with a new system image.

Although some new features in these tools are available only for recent versions of Android, the tools are backward compatible, so you need only one version of the SDK Platform-Tools.

Downloads

If you’re an Android developer, you should get the latest SDK Platform-Tools from Android Studio’s SDK Manager or from the sdkmanager command-line tool. This ensures the tools are saved to the right place with the rest of your Android SDK tools and easily updated.

But if you want just these command-line tools, use the following links:

• Download SDK Platform-Tools for Windows
• Download SDK Platform-Tools for Mac
• Download SDK Platform-Tools for Linux

Although these links do not change, they always point to the most recent version of the tools.

Revisions

31.0.3 (August 2021)

• fastboot
  • Support flashing vbmeta_vendor.img for fastboot flashall / update.

31.0.2 (April 2021)

• adb
  • Support forwarding to vsock on linux.
  • Fix bug in adb track-devices where devices over wireless debugging wouldn’t immediately receive updates.
  • Implement preliminary support for mDNS device discovery without a separately installed mDNS service. This is currently disabled by default, and can be enabled by setting the environment variable ADB_MDNS_OPENSCREEN to 1 when starting the adb server.
• fastboot
  • Don’t fail when unable to get boot partition size.
  • Derive device locked state from property instead of parsing the kernel command line.

31.0.1 (March 2021)

• adb
  • Reduce TCP keepalive interval.
  • Improve incremental installation performance.
• fastboot
  • Add support for compressed snapshot merges.
  • Restore legacy A/B support.

31.0.0 (February 2021)

• adb
  • Disable compression on pull by default.

30.0.5 (November 2020)

• adb
  • Improve performance of adb push when pushing many files over a high-latency connection.
  • Improve adb push/pull performance on Windows.
  • Fix adb push —sync with multiple inputs.
  • Improve performance of incremental apk installation.
  • Improve error handling for incremental apk installation.

30.0.4 (July 2020)

• adb
  • Fix fallback to non-incremental apk installation on pre-Android 11 devices.
  • Fix adb install-multi-package .
  • Fix some more crashes related to adb wireless pairing.
  • Improve some error messages.
• fastboot
  • Improve console output on fastboot oem commands.
  • Fix fastboot flashall on older devices such as Nexus 7.

30.0.3 (June 2020)

• adb
  • Fix installation of APKs signed with v4 signature scheme on pre-Android 11 devices.
  • Fix crash when authenticating without ADB_VENDOR_KEYS .
  • Fix crash when using adb -H .

30.0.2 (June 2020)

• adb
  • Improve adb wireless pairing.
  • Fix hang in adb logcat when run before a device is connected.
  • Add adb transport-id to allow scripts to safely wait for a device to go away after root/unroot/reboot.

30.0.1 (May 2020)

• adb
  • Disable adb mdns auto-connection by default. This can be reenabled with the ADB_MDNS_AUTO_CONNECT environment variable.
  • Improve performance of adb install-multi on Android 10 or newer devices.
  • Fix timeout when using adb root/unroot on a device connected over TCP.
  • Update support for wireless pairing.

30.0.0 (April 2020)

• adb
  • Add initial support for wireless pairing.
  • Add support for incremental APK installation.
  • Implement client-side support for compression of adb when used with an Android 11 device.
  • Improve performance of adb push on high-latency connections.
  • Improve push/pull performance on Windows.

29.0.6 (February 2020)

• adb
  • 64-bit size/time support for adb ls when used with an Android 11 device.
  • Support listening on ::1 on POSIX.
  • Client support for WinUSB devices that publish a WinUSB descriptor (required for Android 11) should no longer require a USB driver to be installed.
  • Fix hang when using adb install on something that isn’t actually a file.

29.0.5 (October 2019)

• adb
  • Slight performance improvement on Linux when using many simultaneous connections.
  • Add —fastdeploy option to adb install , for incremental updates to APKs while developing.

29.0.4 (September 2019)

• adb
  • Hotfix for native debugging timeout with LLDB (see issue #134613180). This also fixes a related bug in the Android Studio Profilers that causes an AdbCommandRejectedException , which you can see in the idea.log file.

29.0.3 (September 2019)

• adb
  • adb forward —list works with multiple devices connected.
  • Fix devices going offline on Windows.
  • Improve adb install output and help text.
  • Restore previous behavior of adb connect without specifying port.

29.0.2 (July 2019)

• adb
  • Fixes a Windows heap integrity crash.
• fastboot
  • Adds support for partition layout of upcoming devices.

29.0.1 (June 2019)

• adb
  • Hotfix for Windows crashes (https://issuetracker.google.com/134613180)

29.0.0 (June 2019)

• adb
  • adb reconnect performs a USB reset on Linux.
  • On Linux, when connecting to a newer adb server, instead of killing the server and starting an older one, adb attempts to launch the newer version transparently.
  • adb root waits for the device to reconnect after disconnecting. Previously, adb root; adb wait-for-device could mistakenly return immediately if adb wait-for-device started before adb noticed that the device had disconnected.
• fastboot
  • Disables an error message that occurred when fastboot attempted to open the touch bar or keyboard on macOS.

28.0.2 (March 2019)

• adb
  • Fixes flakiness of adb shell port forwarding that leads to «Connection reset by peer» error message.
  • Fixes authentication via ADB_VENDOR_KEYS when reconnecting devices.
  • Fixes authentication—when the private key used for authentication does not match the public key—by calculating the public key from the private key, instead of assuming that they match.
• fastboot
  • Adds support for dynamic partitions.
• Updated Windows requirements
  • The platform tools now depend on the Windows Universal C Runtime, which is usually installed by default via Windows Update. If you see errors mentioning missing DLLs, you may need to manually fetch and install the runtime package.

28.0.1 (September 2018)

• adb
  • Add support for reconnection of TCP connections. Upon disconnection, adb will attempt to reconnect for up to 60 seconds before abandoning a connection.
  • Fix Unicode console output on Windows. (Thanks to external contributor Spencer Low!)
  • Fix a file descriptor double-close that can occur, resulting in connections being closed when an adb connect happens simultaneously.
  • Fix adb forward —list when used with more than one device connected.
• fastboot
  • Increase command timeout to 30 seconds, to better support some slow bootloader commands.

28.0.0 (June 2018)

• adb:
  • Add support for checksum-less operation with devices running Android P, which improves throughput by up to 40%.
  • Sort output of adb devices by connection type and device serial.
  • Increase the socket listen backlog to allow for more simulataneous adb commands.
  • Improve error output for adb connect .
• fastboot:
  • Improve output format, add a verbose output mode ( -v ).
  • Clean up help output.
  • Add product.img and odm.img to the list of partitions flashed by fastboot flashall .
  • Avoid bricking new devices when using a too-old version of fastboot by allowing factory image packages to require support for specific partitions.

27.0.1 (December 2017)

• adb: fixes an assertion failure on MacOS that occurred when connecting devices using USB 3.0.
• Fastboot: On Windows, adds support for wiping devices that use F2FS (Flash-Friendly File System).

27.0.0 (December 2017)

• Re-fixes the macOS 10.13 fastboot bug first fixed in 26.0.1, but re-introduced in 26.0.2.

26.0.2 (October 2017)

• Add fastboot support for Pixel 2 devices.

26.0.1 (September 2017)

• Fixed fastboot problems on macOS 10.13 High Sierra (bug 64292422).

26.0.0 (June 2017)

• Updated with the release of Android O final SDK (API level 26).

25.0.5 (April 24, 2017)

Fixed adb sideload of large updates on Windows, manifesting as «std::bad_alloc» (bug 37139736).

Fixed adb problems with some Windows firewalls, manifesting as «cannot open transport registration socketpair» (bug 37139725).

Both adb —version and fastboot —version now include the install path.

Changed adb to not resolve localhost to work around misconfigured VPN.

Changed adb to no longer reset USB devices on Linux, which could affect other attached USB devices.

25.0.4 (March 16, 2017)

• Added experimental libusb support to Linux and Mac adb

To use the libusb backend, set the environment variable ADB_LIBUSB=true before launching a new adb server. The new adb host-features command will tell you whether or not you’re using libusb.

To restart adb with libusb and check that it worked, use adb kill-server; ADB_LIBUSB=1 adb start-server; adb host-features . The output should include «libusb».

In this release, the old non-libusb implementation remains the default.

fastboot doesn’t hang 2016 MacBook Pros anymore (bug 231129)

Fixed Systrace command line capture on Mac

25.0.3 (December 16, 2016)

• Fixed fastboot bug causing Android Things devices to fail to flash

25.0.2 (December 12, 2016)

• Updated with the Android N MR1 Stable release (API 25)

25.0.1 (November 22, 2016)

• Updated with the release of Android N MR1 Developer Preview 2 release (API 25)

25.0.0 (October 19, 2016)

• Updated with the release of Android N MR1 Developer Preview 1 release (API 25)

24.0.4 (October 14, 2016)

• Updated to address issues in ADB and Mac OS Sierra

Download Android SDK Platform-Tools

Before downloading, you must agree to the following terms and conditions.

Terms and Conditions

1. Introduction

2. Accepting this License Agreement

3. SDK License from Google

4. Use of the SDK by You

5. Your Developer Credentials

6. Privacy and Information

7. Third Party Applications

8. Using Android APIs

9. Terminating this License Agreement

10. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

11. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

12. Indemnification

13. Changes to the License Agreement

14. General Legal Terms

Download Android SDK Platform-Tools

Before downloading, you must agree to the following terms and conditions.

Terms and Conditions

1. Introduction

2. Accepting this License Agreement

3. SDK License from Google

4. Use of the SDK by You

5. Your Developer Credentials

6. Privacy and Information

7. Third Party Applications

8. Using Android APIs

9. Terminating this License Agreement

10. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

11. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

12. Indemnification

13. Changes to the License Agreement

14. General Legal Terms

Download Android SDK Platform-Tools

Before downloading, you must agree to the following terms and conditions.

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