The apple hardware test

Использование приложения «Диагностика Apple» для тестирования компьютера Mac

Приложение «Диагностика Apple», ранее известное как Apple Hardware Test, может проверить компьютер Mac на наличие проблем с оборудованием.

Если вы считаете, что у вашего компьютера Mac может быть аппаратная проблема, с помощью приложения «Диагностика Apple» можно определить, какой аппаратный компонент неисправен. Приложение «Диагностика Apple» также предлагает решения и помогает обратиться за помощью в службу поддержки Apple.

Подготовка компьютера Mac

1. Выключите компьютер Mac.
2. Отключите все внешние устройства, кроме клавиатуры, мыши, монитора, соединения Ethernet (если применимо) и подключения к сети переменного тока.
3. Убедитесь, что компьютер Mac находится на жесткой, ровной, устойчивой, хорошо вентилируемой рабочей поверхности.

Запуск приложения «Диагностика Apple»

Процессор Apple

1. Включите компьютер Mac и во время его запуска продолжайте удерживать нажатой кнопку питания.
2. Отпустите кнопку, когда появится окно параметров запуска со значком шестеренки и надписью «Параметры».
3. На клавиатуре нажмите Command (⌘)-D.

Процессор Intel

1. Включите компьютер Mac, затем во время его запуска сразу на клавиатуре нажмите и удерживайте клавишу D.
2. Отпустите клавишу, когда появится индикатор выполнения или запрос выбора языка.

Просмотр результатов тестирования

Приложение «Диагностика Apple» показывает индикатор выполнения, пока проверяет компьютер Mac:

По завершении тестирования приложение «Диагностика Apple» отображает результаты, включая один или несколько справочных кодов. Узнайте о справочных кодах приложения «Диагностика Apple».

Чтобы повторить тестирование, щелкните «Запустите проверку снова» или нажмите клавиши Command-R.

Чтобы перезагрузить компьютер Mac, нажмите «Перезагрузить» или клавишу R.

Чтобы выключить, нажмите «Выключить» или клавишу S.

Чтобы получить информацию об обслуживании и вариантах поддержки, убедитесь, что компьютер Mac подключен к Интернету, а затем щелкните «Начало работы» или нажмите Command-G. Компьютер Mac перезагрузится и откроет веб-страницу с дополнительной информацией. По завершении в меню Apple выберите пункт «Перезагрузить» или «Выключить».

Дополнительная информация

Если на компьютерах Mac с процессорами Intel не удается запустить приложение «Диагностика Apple» с помощью клавиши D, попробуйте следующие решения:

• При запуске нажмите и удерживайте Option-D, чтобы использовать приложение «Диагностика Apple» через Интернет.
• Убедитесь, что на вашем компьютере Mac не используется пароль прошивки.

Источник

Using the Apple Hardware Test to Diagnose Problems

The Apple Hardware Test has been replaced by Apple Diagnostics

Tom Nelson is an engineer, programmer, network manager, and computer network and systems designer who has written for Other World Computing,and others. Tom is also president of Coyote Moon, Inc., a Macintosh and Windows consulting firm.

The Apple Hardware Test has been replaced by Apple Diagnostics. Apple Diagnostics is a new service that works differently from the Apple Hardware Test. Depending on your Mac, there are different instructions for using Apple Diagnostics, so be sure to consult the Apple support page.

You can use the Apple Hardware Test (AHT) to diagnose issues with your Mac’s hardware. This can include problems with a Mac’s display, graphics, processor, memory, and storage. You can use the Apple Hardware Test to rule out most hardware issues when troubleshooting problems with a Mac.

Actual hardware failure is rare, but it happens from time to time. A common hardware failure is random-access memory (RAM). The Apple Hardware Test can check your Mac’s RAM and let you know if there are any issues. Some Mac models allow you to upgrade the RAM yourself, but in general, the newer your Mac, the less likely this feature will be supported.

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Jane Kelly / Shutterstock

Apple Hardware Tests on Newer Macs

Not all Macs can use the internet-based AHT. Some must use a local version that’s either installed on the Mac’s startup drive or included on the OS X install DVD.​

Macs made after 2013 must use a newer version of the hardware test, called Apple Diagnostics. You’ll find instructions for testing newer Macs using Apple Diagnostics at Using Apple Diagnostics to Troubleshoot Your Mac’s Hardware.

Macs That Can Use Internet Version of AHT

11-inch MacBook Air	MacBookAir 3	Late 2010 through 2012 13-inch MacBook Air
MacBookAir 3	Late 2010 through 2012 13-inch MacBook Pro	MacBookPro 8
Early 2011 through 2012 15-inch MacBook Pro	MacBookPro 6	Mid 2010 through 2012 17-inch MacBook Pro
Mid 2010 through 2012 MacBook	MacBook 7	Mid 2010 Mac Mini
Mac Mini 4	Mid 2010 through 2012 21.5-inch iMac	iMac 11
Mid 2010 through 2012 27-inch iMac

Note: Mid 2010 and early 2011 models may require an EFI firmware update before you can use Apple Hardware Test over the internet. You can check to see if your Mac needs the EFI update by doing the following:

1. From the Apple menu, select About This Mac.
2. In the window that opens, click the More Info button.
3. If you’re running OS X Lion or later, click the System Report button; otherwise, continue with the next step.
4. In the window that opens, make sure Hardware is highlighted in the left-hand pane.
5. From the right pane, make a note of the boot ROM Version number, as well as the SMC version number (if present).
6. With the version numbers in hand, go to the Apple EFI and SMC Firmware update website and compare your version against the latest available. If your Mac has an older version, you can download the latest version using the links on the above webpage.
7. When you finish using the Apple Hardware Test, quit the test by clicking either the Restart or Shut Down button.

Use the Apple Hardware Test Over the Internet

Now that you know your Mac is capable of using the AHT over the internet, it’s time to run the test. To do this, you need a wired or Wi-Fi connection to the internet.

1. Make sure your Mac is turned off.
2. If you’re testing a Mac portable, connect it to an AC power source. Do not run the hardware test using only your Mac’s battery.
3. Press the power button to start the power-on process.
4. Immediately hold down the Option and D keys.
5. Continue to hold the Option and D keys until you see a Starting Internet Recovery message on your Mac’s display. Once you see the message, you can release the Option and D keys.
6. After a short time, the display asks you to choose a network. Use the drop-down menu to select from the available network connections.
7. If you chose a wireless network connection, enter the password and then press Enter or Return, or click the checkmark button on the display.
8. Once you have connected to your network, you’ll see a message that says «Starting Internet Recovery,» which might take a while.
9. During this time, the Apple Hardware Test is downloaded to your Mac. Once the download is complete, you will see the option to select a language.
10. Use the mouse cursor or the Up/Down arrow keys to highlight a language to use, and then click the button in the lower-right corner (the one with the right-facing arrow).
11. The Apple Hardware Test checks to see what hardware is installed in your Mac. This process can take a little bit of time. Once it’s complete, the Test button is highlighted.
12. Before you press the Test button, you can check what hardware the test found by clicking the Hardware Profile tab. It’s a good idea to take a cursory look at this, just to make sure that all of your Mac’s major components show up correctly. Verify that the correct amount of memory is reported, along with the correct CPU and graphics. If anything appears to be wrong, verify what your Mac’s configuration should be. You can do this by checking the Apple support site for the specifications on the Mac you are using. If the configuration information doesn’t match up, you may have a failed device.
13. If the configuration information appears to be correct, you can proceed to the testing.
14. Click the Hardware Test tab.
15. The Apple Hardware Test supports two types of testing: a standard test and an extended test. The extended test is a good option if you suspect an issue with the RAM or video/graphics. Generally, though, starting with the shorter, standard test is a good idea.
16. Click the Test button.
17. The hardware test starts, displaying a status bar and any error messages that result. The test can take a bit of time, so be patient. You may hear your Mac’s fans rev up and down; this is normal during the testing process.
18. When the test is complete, the status bar disappears. The Test Results area of the window displays either a «No trouble found» message or a list of problems. If you see an error in the test results, take a look at the error code section below for a list of common error codes and what they mean.
19. If no trouble was found, you may still want to run the extended test, which is better at finding memory and graphics problems. To do so, place a checkmark in the Perform Extended Testing (takes considerably more time) box, and then click the Test button.
20. When you finish using the Apple Hardware Test, quit the test by clicking either the Restart or Shut Down button.

End an Apple Hardware Test in Progress

You can stop any test in process by clicking the Stop Testing button.

Apple Hardware Test Error Codes

The error codes generated by the Apple Hardware Test tend to be cryptic at best and are meant for Apple service technicians. Many of the error codes have become well known, however, and the following list should be helpful:

Error Code	Description
4AIR	AirPort wireless card
4ETH	Ethernet
4HDD	Hard disk (includes SSD)
4IRP	Logic board
4MEM	Memory module (RAM)
4MHD	External disk
4MLB	Logic board controller
4MOT	Fans
4PRC	Processor
4SNS	Failed sensor
4YDC	Video/Graphics card

Apple Hardware Test Error Codes

Most of the above error codes indicate a failure of the related component and may require a technician’s help to determine the cause and the cost of a repair. Before you send your Mac off to a shop, though, try resetting the PRAM as well as resetting the SMC. This can be helpful for some errors, including logic board and fan problems.

Perform Additional Troubleshooting

You can perform additional troubleshooting for RAM, hard disk, and external disk problems. In the case of a drive, whether internal or external, you can repair it using Disk Utility (which is included with OS X), or a third-party app, such as Drive Genius.

If your Mac has user-serviceable RAM modules, clean and reseat the modules. Remove the RAM, use a clean pencil eraser to clean the RAM modules’ contacts, and then reinstall the RAM. Once the RAM is reinstalled, run the Apple Hardware Test again, using the extended testing option. If you still have memory issues, you may need to replace the RAM.

Источник

Use the Apple Hardware Test (AHT) to Find Problems

The AHT can usually be found on one of your Mac’s install DVDs

Tom Nelson is an engineer, programmer, network manager, and computer network and systems designer who has written for Other World Computing,and others. Tom is also president of Coyote Moon, Inc., a Macintosh and Windows consulting firm.

The Apple Hardware Test (AHT) is a comprehensive application that can help diagnose hardware-related problems you may encounter with an older Mac. The AHT can diagnose issues with a Mac’s display, graphics, processor, memory, logic board, sensors, and storage.

Information in this article applies to Macs manufactured in 2012 and earlier.

Causes of Mac Hardware Failures

Some Mac issues, such as those involving startup problems, can be caused by software or hardware issues. A good example is getting stuck at the blue screen or gray screen when you start a Mac. The reason the Mac is stuck could be a hardware or software problem. Running the Apple Hardware Test can narrow down the cause.

Apple hardware fails from time to time, with the most common failure being RAM. For most Macs, RAM is easy to replace, and running the Apple Hardware Test to confirm a RAM failure is a simple task.

Apple Hardware Test Availability

Not all Macs run AHT. Of those that do, the method differs depending on the operating system version installed on the Mac.

• Macs manufactured in 2012 and earlier with OS X Mountain Lion (10.8.4) or later installed have the Apple Hardware Test built into the Mac.
• Macs made in 2012 and earlier with OS X Mountain Lion (10.8.3) or earlier installed use the system software disc or flash drive that came with the Mac.
• Macs manufactured in 2013 and later aren’t compatible with AHT.

For all 2013 and newer Macs, Apple changed the hardware testing system to use Apple Diagnostics, which is built into the Mac.

AHT on Macs That Shipped With OS X Lion or Later

OS X Lion was released in the summer of 2011. Lion marked the change from distributing OS software on physical media (DVDs) to providing the software as a download. Before OS X Lion, the Apple Hardware Test was provided on one of the install DVDs that were included with the Mac. It was also included on a USB flash drive for the early version of the MacBook Air, which didn’t have an optical media slot.

With OS X Lion and later, for any Mac manufactured before 2013, the AHT is included in a hidden partition on the Mac’s startup drive. If the Mac has Lion or later installed, you’re set to run the Apple Hardware Test.

AHT on Macs That Shipped With OS X Leopard to OS X Snow Leopard

OS X Leopard (10.5) was released in September 2008. For Macs that were sold with OS X 10.5.5 and later versions of Leopard or with any version of OS X Snow Leopard (10.6), the AHT is located on the Application Install Disc 2 DVD included with the Mac.

MacBook Air owners who purchased their Macs during this time frame can find the AHT on the MacBook Air Reinstall Drive. It’s the USB flash drive included with the purchase.

AHT on Intel-Based Macs With OS X Leopard 10.5.4 or Earlier

If you purchased an Intel-based Mac in or before the summer of 2008, the AHT is found on the Mac OS X Install Disc 1 DVD included with the purchase.

AHT on PowerPC-Based Macs

For older Macs, such as iBooks, Power Macs, and PowerBooks, the AHT is on a separate CD included with the Mac.

How to Run the Apple Hardware Test

Now that you know where the AHT is located, you can start the Apple Hardware Test.

Insert the appropriate DVD or USB flash drive with AHT on it into the Mac. This step is unnecessary for Macs with Lion or later, where AHT is on a partition on the hard drive.

Shut down the Mac.

If you’re testing a Mac portable, connect it to an AC power source. Do not run the test from the Mac’s battery.

Press the power button to start the Mac and immediately press and hold the D key. Continue to hold the D key until you see a small icon of a Mac on the display. When you see the icon, release the D key.

Select a language from the list of languages that can be used to run the AHT, then click the right-facing arrow at the bottom. The Apple Hardware Test checks to see what hardware is installed in the Mac. Wait for the hardware probe to complete. When it’s complete, the Test button is highlighted.

Check what hardware the test found by clicking Hardware Profile. Look through the list of components to ensure that the Mac’s major components show up correctly. If the configuration information appears to be correct, select Test.

If something seems wrong, verify the Mac’s configuration by checking the Apple support site for the specifications on the Mac. If the configuration information doesn’t match, the device may have failed and needs to be repaired or replaced.

Click Hardware Test. The AHT supports two types of tests: a standard test and an extended test. The extended test finds issues with RAM or graphics. If you suspect such a problem, start with the shorter, standard test.

Click Test. The AHT displays a status bar and error messages that may result from the testing. The test can take a while. You may hear the Mac’s fans rev up and down. This fan activity is normal during the testing process.

When the test is finished, the status bar disappears, and the Test Results area of the window displays either a No Trouble Found message or a list of problems. If you see an error code in the test results, look at the error code section below for a list of common error codes and what each means.

If everything seems okay, you may still want to run the extended test, which is better at finding memory and graphics problems. To run the extended test, select the Perform Extended Testing check box, then click Test. The extended testing takes more time than the standard test.

Quit AHT by clicking either Restart or Shut Down.

Apple Hardware Test Error Codes

The error codes generated by the Apple Hardware Test tend to be cryptic and are meant for Apple service technicians. Many of the error codes are well known, however, and this list may be helpful:

Error Code	Description
4AIR	AirPort wireless card
4ETH	Ethernet
4HDD	Hard disk (includes SSD)
4IRP	Logic board
4MEM	Memory module (RAM)
4MHD	External disk
4MLB	Logic board controller
4MOT	Fans
4PRC	Processor
4SNS	Failed sensor
4YDC	Video/Graphics card

Additional Troubleshooting Tactics

Most of the error codes indicate a failure of the related component and may require having a technician look at the Mac to determine the cause and cost for a repair. Before going to an Apple Store or sending your Mac off to a shop, reset the PRAM and reset the SMC. This can be helpful for some errors, including logic board and fan problems.

You can perform additional troubleshooting for memory (RAM), hard disk, and external disk problems. In the case of a drive, whether internal or external, repair it using Disk Utility, which is included with OS X, or a third-party app such as DiskWarrior or Techtool Pro.

If the Mac has user-serviceable RAM modules, clean and reseat the RAM. Remove the RAM, use a pencil eraser to clean the RAM modules’ contacts, and reinstall the RAM. Then, rerun the Apple Hardware Test using the extended testing option. If the Mac still has memory issues, you may need to replace the RAM.

What to Do If You Can’t Find the AHT Disk or USB Flash Drive

If you misplaced the optical media or USB flash drive, you have two choices. You can either take the Mac to the nearest Apple Store or call Apple and order a replacement disk set.

Before you call, you need the Mac’s serial number, which is found in the Apple menu under About This Mac. When you have the serial number, call Apple support, or use the online support system to initiate a request for replacement media.

The other option is to take the Mac to an Apple Store. The Apple technicians can run the AHT for you and diagnose any problems the Mac has.

Источник