Unity run device android

Troubleshooting Android development

While developing for Android using Unity, you could encounter a number of issues. Problems are often related to plug-ins or incorrect Project settings. This section outlines the most common scenarios and relavant troubleshooting advice.

Your application crashes immediately after launch

Remove any native plug-ins you have.

Use adb logcat to get the crash report from your device. Consult the official Android Developer Logcat Command-Line Tool documentation for more information.

The game crashes after a couple of seconds when playing video

Ensure Settings > Developer Options > Don’t keep activities isn’t enabled on the device.

The video player is its own activity, and therefore regular game activity will be destroyed if the video player is activated.

No Android device found

If Unity cannot find an Android device connected to the system, check the following:

Make sure that your device is actually connected to your computer — check the USB cable and the sockets.

Make sure that your device has USB Debugging enabled in the Developer options. For more details, refer to the Android SDK/NDK Setup page.

Run the adb devices command from the platform-tools directory of your Android SDK installation and check the output.

If the output list is empty and you are using Windows, you may need to install the driver for ADB devices. For more details, refer to the Android SDK/NDK Setup documentation.

If the list contains entries with the unauthorized label, you may need to authorize your computer on your device and give it permission to debug it. Check the device’s screen for the corresponding dialog.

If the list contains your device with the device label, build your Project in Unity again.

Failed to re-package resources

This error occurs when the Android Asset Packaging Tool (AAPT) fails. AAPT is used to build the intermediate Asset packages during Android build. This issue is most often caused by missing resources or duplicate resources in your Android plug-ins.

Check the console message for more details — it should contain the IDs of the resources that are missing or duplicates. Fix the error in your plug-ins by either adding the missing resources/settings or removing the duplicate plug-ins.

Unable to merge Android manifests

The most likely cause for this issue is that one of your plug-ins has a manifest that is incompatible with the main Unity manifest.

Check the console message for more details on which attributes are conflicting, and fix the manifests accordingly.

See the Android Manifest documentation for more details on Android manifests.

Unable to convert classes into DEX format

The most likely cause for this issue is that you have a Java plug-in added twice. This results in duplicate classes when Unity tries to build a DEX (Dalvik Executable Format) file from all the compiled Java plug-ins. Check the console output for the list of duplicate entries, and fix the plug-ins.

If your console messages says “Too many references”, it means that the number of fields and methods exceeded the DEX limit of 64k. This usually happens when the number of plug-ins or plug-in resources is too high. Due to the way the references are generated, the limit could be hit with just a couple of large plug-ins.

There are several ways to handle this issue. One of these is by stripping the plug-ins. However, the quickest way to fix it is to switch to the Gradle build system, or export the Project and build it in Android Studio.

Unable to install APK to device

This error can be caused by:

Installing to an incompatible device.

Installing to a device running a version of Android lower than the Minimum API Level in your Player settings.

Check the console for the actual error code and output.

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Android environment setup

To build and run for Android, you must install the Unity Android Build Support platform module. You also need to install the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) and the Native Development Kit (NDK) to build and run any code on your Android device. By default, Unity installs a Java Development Kit based on OpenJDK.

Note: Unity supports Android 4.4 “KitKat” and above. See AndroidSdkVersions for details.

1. Install Android Build Support and the Android SDK & NDK tools

Use the Unity Hub to install Android Build Support and the required dependencies: Android SDK & NDK tools, and OpenJDK.

Add Android modules

You can install Android Build Support, the Android SDK & NDK tools and OpenJDK when you install the Unity Editor, or add them at a later time.

For information on adding the Android modules:

Note: If you’re using Unity on macOS 10.15 (Catalina) and you don’t install Android tools through the Unity Hub, your operating system’s default security settings will prevent the Android NDK binaries being executed. You must either change these security settings, or download a signed Android NDK (r16b) from the Android developer website.

If you are using a 2018 version of Unity, see the Unity 2018.4 documentation for information on manually installing these dependencies.

2. Enable USB debugging on your device

To enable USB debugging, you must enable Developer options on your device. To do this, find the build number in your device’s Settings menu. The location of the build number varies between devices; for stock Android, it’s usually Settings > About phone > Build number. For specific information on your device and Android version, refer to your hardware manufacturer.

After you navigate to the build number using the instructions above, tap on the build number seven times. A pop-up notification saying “You are now X steps away from being a developer” appears, with “X” being a number that counts down with every additional tap. On the seventh tap, Developer options are unlocked.

Note: On Android versions prior to 4.2 (Jelly Bean), the Developer options are enabled by default.

Go to Settings > Developer options (or, if this does not work, on some devices the path is Settings > System > Developer options), and check the USB debugging checkbox. Android now enters debug mode when it is connected to a computer via USB.

Connect your device to your computer using a USB cable. If you are developing on a Windows computer, you might need to install a device-specific USB driver. See the manufacturer website for your device for additional information.

The setup process differs for Windows and macOS and is explained in detail on the Android developer website. For more information on connecting your Android device to the SDK, refer to the Run Your App section of the Android Developer documentation.

Customizing the Android SDK & NDK Tools and OpenJDK installation

Unity recommends that you use the Unity Hub to install Android SDK & NDK tools, to ensure that you receive the correct versions and configuration. Unity installs Android SDK & NDK Tools and OpenJDK respectively in the SDK, NDK and OpenJDK folders under /Unity/Hub/Editor/[EditorVersion]/Editor/Data/PlaybackEngines/AndroidPlayer/.

If you have multiple versions of Unity with the same required dependencies (be sure to check System requirements for the latest) and you want to avoid duplicating the installation of Android SDK & NDK Tools and OpenJDK, you can specify a shared location in the Unity Preferences window. To do this, go to Preferences > External tools and enter the directory paths in the SDK and NDK fields:

Preferences window showing external tools settings for Android

Warning: Unity does not officially support versions of the OpenJDK, SDK, or NDK other than the ones it supplies.

To change the OpenJDK, SDK Tools, or NDK that Unity uses to build Android apps:

1. Open the Project.
2. Open the Preferences window (Windows and Linux: Edit >Preferences; macOS: Unity >Preferences).
3. In the left navigation column, select External Tools.

Change the OpenJDK path

1. Uncheck JDK Installed with Unity (recommended).
2. In the JDK field, enter the path to the JDK installation folder, or use the Browse button to locate it.

Change the Android SDK Tools path

1. Uncheck Android SDK Tools Installed with Unity (recommended).
2. In the SDK field, enter the path to the SDK installation folder, or use the Browse button to locate it.

Unity works with the most recent version of the Android SDK available at the time of the Unity version release.

Change the Android NDK path

1. Uncheck Android NDK Installed with Unity (recommended).
2. In the NDK field, enter the path to the NDK installation folder, or use the Browse button to locate it.

Each version of Unity requires a specific version of the Android NDK to be installed:

Unity version	NDK version
2017.4 LTS	r13d
2018.4 LTS	r16b
2019.1	r16b
2019.2	r16b
2019.3	r19

See the System requirements page for a complete list of requirements.

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Android

This section of the User Manual contains documentation on developing for the Android platform,

Environment setup

Before you can run code on your Android device or an Android emulator, you must set up Unity to support Android development. See Android environment setup.

If you don’t install one or more necessary components during initial setup, Unity prompts you to download missing components when you try to build a Project for Android.

Building your app

Unity lets you configure build and runtime settings for your app. See Building apps for Android.

If you have a Unity Pro subscription, you can customize the splash screen that displays when the game launches. See Customizing an Android splash screen.

Scripting

Unity provides scripting APIs that allow you to access input data and other settings from Android devices. See Android scripting.

You can use plug-ins A set of code created outside of Unity that creates functionality in Unity. There are two kinds of plug-ins you can use in Unity: Managed plug-ins (managed .NET assemblies created with tools like Visual Studio) and Native plug-ins (platform-specific native code libraries). More info
See in Glossary to call Android functions written in C/ C++ directly from C# scripts A piece of code that allows you to create your own Components, trigger game events, modify Component properties over time and respond to user input in any way you like. More info
See in Glossary . You can also call Java functions indirectly. See Building and using plug-ins for Android.

Optimization

Unity includes support for occlusion culling A feature that disables rendering of objects when they are not currently seen by the camera because they are obscured (occluded) by other objects. More info
See in Glossary , which disables rendering The process of drawing graphics to the screen (or to a render texture). By default, the main camera in Unity renders its view to the screen. More info
See in Glossary of objects when they’re not currently seen by the camera A component which creates an image of a particular viewpoint in your scene. The output is either drawn to the screen or captured as a texture. More info
See in Glossary because they’re obscured (occluded) by other objects. This is a valuable optimization method for mobile platforms. See Occlusion culling.

Troubleshooting and bug reports

The Android troubleshooting guide helps you discover the cause of bugs as quickly as possible. If, after consulting the guide, you suspect the problem is being caused by Unity, file a bug report following the Unity bug reporting guidelines.

Texture compression

Ericsson Texture Compression 3D Graphics hardware requires Textures to be compressed in specialized formats which are optimized for fast Texture sampling. More info
See in Glossary (ETC) is the standard texture compression A method of storing data that reduces the amount of storage space it requires. See Texture Compression, Animation Compression, Audio Compression, Build Compression.
See in Glossary format on Android.

ETC1 is supported on all current Android devices, but it does not support textures that have an alpha channel. ETC2 is supported on all Android devices that support OpenGL ES 3.0. It provides improved quality for RGB textures, and also supports textures with an alpha channel.

By default, Unity uses ETC1 for compressed RGB textures and ETC2 for compressed RGBA textures. If ETC2 is not supported by an Android device, the texture is decompressed at run time. This has an impact on memory usage, and also affects rendering speed.

DXT, PVRTC, ATC, and ASTC are all support textures with an alpha channel. These formats also support higher compression rates and/or better image quality, but they are only supported on a subset of Android devices.

It is possible to create separate Android distribution archives (.apk) for each of these formats and let the Android Market’s filtering system select the correct archives for different devices.

Movie/Video playback

We recommend you use the Video Player to play video files. This supersedes the earlier Movie Texture feature.

Known video compatibility issues

Not all devices support resolutions greater than 640 × 360. Runtime checks verify device support and don’t play the movie if there’s a failure.

For Android Lollipop (5.0 and 5.1.1) and above, you can use any resolution or number of audio channels, provided the target device supports them.

Unity supports playback from asset bundles for uncompressed bundles, read directly from disk.

Playback support for compressed asset bundles is available for Android 9 and later.

Format compatibility issues are reported in the adb logcat output and are always prefixed with AndroidVideoMedia .

Watch for device-specific error messages located near the error messages in Unity: they’re not available to the engine, but often explain what the compatibility issue is.

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