What is granny smith apple

Её именем назвали знаменитые зеленые яблоки, а потомки не получили с этого ни гроша. История Гренни Смит

Наверное, сейчас нет такого человека, который бы ни разу не видел знаменитых зеленых яблок Гренни Смит. Это один из самых популярных сортов в мире, который присутствует даже на эмблемах торговых марок, совершенно не связанных с кулинарией.

Эти яблоки лежат на полках практически в каждом магазине и ценятся продавцами за способность к долгому хранению и транспортировке. Яркие, всегда сочные, терпкие и хрустящие — они служат беспроигрышным ингредиентом для многих блюд и украшением банкетов.

Открыла этот сорт более 150 лет назад бабуля Смит — именно так ласково в переводе на русский звучит английское «Granny». И эта статья посвящена именно ей.

История Марии Энн Смит

Мария Энн Шервуд была британкой по происхождению. Родилась она в 1799 году в деревушке, входящей в состав графства Сассекс (привет принцу Гарри, который в наши дни носит здесь титул герцога). Эта местность как раз знаменита своими яблоневыми садами и Мария Энн с детства крутилась на ферме. Её родители были там рабочими.

Позже она вышла замуж за Томаса Смита, родила ему восьмерых детей (выжило только пятеро). У ее свекра были свои садовые владения. Семья выращивала не только яблоки, но и вишни, груши, хмель. Все это продавали на рынке — на то и жили. Однако в 1820-30-х годах наступили тяжелые времена. Британия, и без того ослабленная наполеоновскими войнами, начала заменять ручной сельскохозяйственный труд механизированным.

Многие труженики ферм остались без работы, а землевладельцы — без дохода. Начались массовые волнения и деревушка Бекли, где тогда жили Смиты, оказалась в эпицентре беспорядков.

Некоторые коренные жители приняли трудное решение — уезжать от голода и восстаний в далекую Австралию по специальной правительственной программе переселения. В 1838 году Смиты и еще 50 семей погрузились на корабль «Леди Ньюджент» и отплыли навстречу неизвестности.

Смиты в Австралии

Марии Энн было тогда почти сорок лет. Её муж быстро нашел работу у такого же поселенца и стал заниматься привычным делом — фермерством. Позже они и сами приобрели земли в районе Нового Южного Уэльса, что недалеко от Сиднея. Однако быстро разбить сады не получилось — на территории был густой лес. Тем не менее, семья все-таки своего добилась, а местные почвы оказались на редкость плодородными.

Как гласит семейная легенда, Томас был изрядным пьяницей. Он имел место на рынке, где продавал фрукты, и однажды пропил всю выручку за урожай. Мария Энн, чтобы накормить семью, одолжила у соседей плоды французской яблони-дички (их еще называют «крабовыми яблоками»), испекла из них пирог, а семена выбросила на компостную кучу.

Как появился сорт яблок Гренни Смит

Через некоторое время там появился росток, а плоды были совершенно не похожи на те, из которых он произошел. По мнению ученых-селекционеров, эти яблоки получились в ходе перекрестного опыления с каким-то местным австралийским сортом.

В 1868 году 69-летняя Мария Энн, наконец, дождалась урожая и начала продавать эти яблоки на рынке, где они пользовались большим спросом за свои превосходные вкусовые качества и способность к длительному хранению. Молва быстро разнесла историю бабушки Смит по Австралии. Однако своим триумфом она наслаждалась недолго, через 2 года ее не стало.

Ровно через 100 лет после того, как чудо-дерево Смитов дало плоды, это зеленое яблоко стало символом звукозаписывающей компании Apple Corporation (лейбла The Beatles). Кстати, они потом много судились с компанией Стива Джобса и договорились о том, что одни не лезут в музыку, а другие — в компьютерную индустрию.

Семья Смит не получила за открытие бабушки ни гроша

После ухода из жизни Марии Энн Смит ее яблони стали сажать повсеместно. Сейчас в Австралии даже проходит фестиваль, названный ее именем. Однако семья с этого ничего не поимела, кроме гордости за бабушку. Её прапра. внучка Сью Батлер как-то сказала:

Фрукты нельзя запатентовать, и я часто думаю, какими богатыми мы могли бы стать, если бы все было по-другому!

По некоторым данным, Мария Энн еще в Британии занималась селекцией и уже приехала в Австралию с саженцами Гренни Смит. Честно говоря, в эту историю верится с трудом, ведь Смиты были практически безграмотными. Они даже свидетельство о браке скрепляли не подписью, а специальной меткой.

Сегодня яблоки Гренни Смит активно используются в кулинарии. Я, например, использую их для приготовления этого салата:

Источник

Granny Smith Apple Care: How To Grow Granny Smith Apples

Granny Smith is the quintessential tart green apple. It is famous for its unique, bright green skin but also enjoyed for the perfect balance of taste between tart and sweet. Granny Smith apple trees are great for the home orchard because they provide these delicious fruits in abundance. The apples can be enjoyed in any culinary use.

What is a Granny Smith Apple?

The original Granny Smith was discovered by Australian Maria Ann Smith. The tree grew on her property in a spot where she tossed crabapples. One little seedling grew into an apple tree with beautiful green fruits. Today, no one is certain of its parentage, but apple experts suggest the Granny Smith resulted from a cross between a Rome Beauty and a French crabapple.

Granny Smith is now among the most popular of apple varieties. The apples are truly versatile. Enjoy them fresh and store for up to six months. You can also use Granny Smith in cider, pies, and other baked goods, and fresh or cooked in savory dishes. It pairs well as a simple snack with cheese or peanut butter.

How to Grow Granny Smith Apples

When growing Granny smith trees, it’s best to be somewhere in zones 5 through 9, but this variety will tolerate heat better than many others. You’ll need another apple tree as a pollinator as well. Some good options include Red Delicious, Rome Beauty, and Golden Delicious as well as many crabapple varieties.

Plant a new tree in a sunny spot with soil that drains well. Work organic matter into the soil first if it needs more nutrients. Make sure the graft line is a couple of inches (5 cm.) above the soil line when planted.

Granny Smith apple care requires regular watering initially, until the tree is established, as well as pruning. Every year in late winter or early spring give the tree a good trim to shape it and allow air flow between branches. Remove suckers or any unwanted shoots at any time of the year.

Expect to harvest your Granny Smith apples in mid to late October.

Источник

Granny Smith 4+

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Description

«Granny Smith feels like the climactic chase scene of a Wallace & Gromit cartoon» [slide to Play]

«Gaming app of the day» [Kotaku]

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«The graphics have been polished to perfection, and have an almost Pixar-like appearance.» [GameTrailers]

Granny Smith loves her apples, but a bewheeled thief is stealing from her precious garden! Help Mrs. Smith as she swiftly skates through farmland and cityscapes, crashing through everything from barns to offices in the pursuit of fruit. Get to the apples before the thief does!

Granny Smith is a fast-paced racing platformer filled with spectacular crashes and amazing stunts. Jump, glide, swing and smash your way through 57 hand-crafted levels in four distinct settings. Just be sure to land on your feet!

* Spectacular physics – Granny Smith uses some of the most advanced destruction physics in mobile games. Crash through crates and windows and watch the pieces fly all over!

* Dazzling visuals – Zoom through dozens of vibrant, whimsical worlds! Each level is like a fanciful, three-dimensional storybook.

* Intuitive controls – Help Granny pull off crazy moves with simple two-button controls – perfect for both tablets and phones.

* Vintage replays – Watch your best runs in retro movie style with cool camera angles and slow-motion effects!

* Power Granny up – Collect coins and equip Granny with a helmet, banana peels and baseballs. If Granny is getting old, you have two alternative characters to play with – Scruffy and Stanley!

With the apple thief on the loose, Granny is going to need some help. Hop to it!

Источник

What is a Granny Smith Apple?

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A Granny Smith apple is a relatively tart apple that is light green in color. It’s commonly enjoyed in it’s raw form as a snack, but it’s perhaps more commonly used for cooking and baking. Usually smaller in size than its popular Red Delicious and Golden Delicious cousins, Granny Smith’s are normally available throughout the year in much the world.

Unlike the well-liked Delicious varieties, which are typically favored for raw consumption, a Granny Smith apple is customarily the first choice for pies, tarts and other baked desserts. This is usually attributed to its firmness, which holds up well under heat, and the sweetness the apple acquires when cooked.

A significant number of salads that include raw apples use the Granny Smith apple strain for several reasons. When sliced, this variety is naturally more resistant to the browning that other types of raw apples succumb to. A Granny Smith apple’s tartness also plays well against sweeter ingredients in fruit salads like pears, grapes and dried cranberries. Many consumers also favor the Granny Smith apple for salads based on its reliable crispness.

The Granny Smith apple was created in 1868 by Maria Smith in Australia. Upon immigrating to Australia, she and her husband were enlisted by a government program that promoted the development of rural areas in the country. Smith used the remains of a French crab apple from Tasmania to develop a new strain that flourished in her farm. When the new variety was fully developed, she invited a local fruit farmer to sample it.

The farmer introduced the variety to grocers and wholesale fruit sellers and it continued to gain popularity over the next couple of decades. The Granny Smith apple won various awards in agricultural competitions from 1890 to 1892. Unfortunately, Smith never lived to see her apple become famous as she died in 1870 at the age of 71, just two years after introducing to the public the apple that bore her name.

Источник

Granny Smith apple

Perhaps the most instantly recognisable of all apple varieties and one of the most widely known, Granny Smith is also one of Australia’s most famous exports.

Granny Smith pre-dates the modern approach to apple development and marketing. Like all the best old varieties it has a bizarre history, being discovered in Austrialia in the 1860s as a seedling growing in the remains of a rubbish tip. The true parentage is still unknown but is possibly French Crab. The discoverer — a Mrs Maria Smith (sometimes referred to as Mary Smith but see note below) — found that the apple was versatile for cooking and eating, and was involved in spreading its popularity. In an inspired piece of marketing she called the new apple Granny Smith. By the 1960s Granny Smith was practically syonymous with ‘apple’ and the variety was used by the Beatles as the logo for their company ‘Apple Records’.

Granny Smith was one of the original staple supermarket varieties, and one of the first international varieties, a role for which it was well suited. The tough skin and amazing keeping qualities meant it could easily be shipped around the world. It requires a warm climate to ripen properly, and performs well in the main apple-growing regions of the southern hemisphere. In the northern hemisphere it is grown in France and the warmer zones of North America. The trademark apple-green skin requires warm days and nights — we have seen Granny Smiths grown at a relatively high altitude in central France which develop a blush because of the cold night temperatures towards the end of the growing season.

There is only one word to describe the flavour of Granny Smith: acidic. It is an uncompromising crisp hard apple with a very sharp taste. However, served slightly chilled it can also be very refreshing, and works well in salads. The flavor sweetens in storage. Nevertheless, its share of the international market is on the decline, with supermarkets preferring to sell bi-coloured varieties with a sweeter flavour.

Update: Granny Smiths in Central California, from Axel in Santa Cruz

Here in coastal Central California apples can remain on the tree well into February. Our nights get quite cool, mid 30’s to mid 40’s, but we rarely experience freezing temperatures. Daytimes are usually in the 50’s to low 60’s. In that climate, Granny Smiths go from being green to turning completely yellow and looking almost like Golden Delicious. What is more significant is how the fruit tastes. The acidity definitely mellows significantly, and it then takes on an amazing balanced flavor. I can’t imagine anyone ever selecting such an apple and promoting it unless they got to taste it in this form, because when it’s fully ripe, it’s simply one of the best, crunchiest, most balanced table apple I’ve eaten.

We have several apples growing in this area that are very late ripening, e.g. January and February. Lady Williams, Pink Lady, Hoover, Hauer pippin and Granny Smith all come to mind. These are all essentially inedible in November, and don’t become tasty until January, Some will also mellow on the tree, but the BRIX goes way up if left on the tree. Of course, in our climate, some apple trees retain their leaves all the way into January. I have one tree called ‘Sweet Valentine’ named for the fact that the fruit ripens on valentine’s day. It was discovered locally as a rootstock seedling shoot in an abandoned orchard.

It is said that the best apples are the ones that ripen when the leaves begin to turn and fall off. The theory has it that the nutrients that went to the leaves go to to the apples. I’ve tasted Fujis left on the tree, and they develop an incredibly sweet water core, almost like eating pure honey — too sweet for my taste, but it is a fun experience.

For us, since our apples grow into January, it makes the late apples the best quality apples we can grow. Unfortunately, no one in commercial apple growing cares, because the entire fruit growing industry is bent on only one thing: getting the first fruit to market to get the highest possible price. The end result is that a lot of these amazing late varieties are simply forgotten, or they don’t let them ripen properly, as is the case with the granny smith.

Further insight into the origins of Granny Smith from Steve Goard of Sydney, Australia

Granny Smith is my great,great,great,great,grandmother, and her name was not Mary! Her name was Maria Ann Smith, nee Sherwood, (pronounced the same way as diva Mariah Carey), 1800-1870, married to Thomas Smith, 1797-1876. The orchard was located in Eastwood, now in the City of Ryde, Sydney. It is most probable that ‘French Crab’ apples were from wooden crates purchased at the Sydney Markets, after selling her produce, to facilitate transporting the next crop of fruit from her orchard (and I would say it was more likely the ‘compost’ heap rather than ‘rubbish tip’!). Technically it is called a ‘sport’ which means a reproducing hybrid; the original term dates back to the time of Jane Austen. And ‘YES’ they are my favorite apples.

Granny Smith parentage — update

We have now had the opportunity to study a French Crab apple tree at the UK National Fruit Collections (thanks to FAST for faciliating this). The similarity with Granny Smith is quite striking — not just that distinctive green color but also the way the fruits seem to be hidden within the depths of the tree canopy. We can’t comment on the exact relationship, but it seems clear it is very close.

Granny Smith identification photos

UK National Fruit Collection
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Copyright: Orange Pippin

Copyright: Orange Pippin

Copyright: Orange Pippin

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Tree register

United States

• in Castleton, NY
• Adrian Astur Alvarez in Woodinville, WA
• Alison Gardner in Albion, CALIFORNIA
• Amanda Gajdzik in SHELBYVILLE, KY
• Axel Kratel in Santa Cruz, CALIFORNIA
• baker3@wildblue.net in Thawville, ILLINOIS
• Bill Hampton in Landers, CA
• Bill Martin in Bristol, TN
• Brenda in Marion, IOWA
• Brian Phillips in Saint Johns, MI
• Brian Pruiett in CARLSBORG, WA
• Chadwick Little in Marion, IA
• Chadwick Little in Marion, IA
• Charlie Wheeler in Santa Fe, NM
• Chris in BATH, MAINE/SAGADAHOC
• Chris Thomas in Federal Way, WASHINGTON
• Darren Peters in Rock Spring, GEORGIA
• Dave in Coalinga, CA
• David in Kennesaw, GA
• David in Wilson, KS
• David Black in Bentonville, ARKANSAS
• David Young in RIVES JUNCTION, MICHIGAN
• Dennis in Bradford, DARKE, OH
• Dennis in Great Meadows, NJ
• Diana Shepard in Overland Park, KS
• Don Gaylord in Charlottesville, VA
• Don Pettinger in Corona, CA
• Doreirei in Montevallo, ALABAMA
• Doug Wickert in MADISON, OH
• Erin Mcguire in Toledo, OHIO
• Gary Hegler in Chesaning, MICHIGAN
• Gayla Dionne in Pensacola, FL
• George Hockel in Riverside, CALIFORNIA
• George Hockel in Riverside, CALIFORNIA
• Glenn Tremble in Trail, OREGON
• Hannah Brown in Wake Forest, NORTH CAROLINA
• Holly in Rehoboth, MASSACHUSETTS
• J.P.Curry in Sturgeon, MO
• Jeff Rodriguez in NEWINGTON, CT
• Jerry Hudgins in Point Reyes Station, CALIFORNIA
• John R. Szakacs in Ben Lomond, CA
• Jon Shannon in Shaw Island, WA
• Juan Casero in PALM BAY, FLORIDA
• Karen Spencer in Salado, TX
• Katie Kranich in Elkton, MARYLAND
• Kellogg Hill Farms in SOUTH DAYTON, NY
• Kellogg Hill Farms in SOUTH DAYTON, NY
• Kenneth in Newberry, FLORIDA
• Kevin Maphis in Big Pool, MARYLAND
• Kim Lapacek in Poynette, WI
• Laurie Russ in Belton, MISSOURI
• Lloyd Bell in Beaverton, OR
• Mark A. Rock in Columbia Station, OHIO
• Mark Campbell in Centerville, INDIANA
• Marla Gillem in Paso Robles, CA
• Martin in Anaheim, CA
• Martin in Lakeport, CA
• Matt in Emmett, MI
• Matt in Salem, UTAH
• Melody Renee Delury in Anderson, IN
• Michael Miller in Kennett Square, PA
• Michelle Williams in Glenwood, SUSSEX COUNTY,NJ
• Mike Gilbert in Olalla, WAASHINGTON
• Nathan Buehler in Tualatin, OR
• Nathan Sanders in Middleburg, PENNSYLVANIA
• Owen Witesman in SPRINGVILLE, UT
• Peter in Johnson City, TN
• Phil Potter in Laguna Niguel, CALIFORNIA
• Randy in Baxley, GA
• Randy in St. Louis, MISSOURI
• Randy Anderson in MONTICELLO, KY
• Red in Arcata, CA
• Rex Callis in Pittsboro, IN
• Rex Callis in Pittsboro, IN
• Robi Malone in Gray Court, SC
• Ron Davis in CHUCKEY, TN
• Ryan in Cumming, GA
• Ryan in Sterling, NY
• Ryan in Poway, CALIFORNIA
• Ryan Esparza in Somerset, WI
• Ryan Grover in Vineyard, UTAH
• Stephen Sain in Los Lunas, NEW MEXICO
• Steven Shuman in Riverside, RI
• Steven Sypkens in Turney, MO
• Terry Smith in Prescott Valley, AZ
• Tim Hayes in Omaha, NEBRASKA
• Tony Enloe in Bat Cave, NORTH CAROLINA, HENDERSON
• Tyler Stewart in KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON
• Wayne Waggener in Thurmont, MD

United Kingdom

• Eileen in Wantage, OXFORDSHIRE
• Esiah in London, SURREY
• Euan Cameron in LARBERT,
• Joseph Wallder in Esher, SURREY
• Kevinincornwall in Liskeard, UNITED KINGDOM
• Peter Hatton in Camberley, SURREY
• Phil Mcintyre in Widnes, CHESHIRE
• Rb in WIMBORNE, DORSET
• Stuart Atkinson in Durham, DURHAM

France

• Andrew Dalby in Saint-Coutant, DEUX-SEVRES
• BeN62 in Eclimeux,
• Sylveno in Le Frayssé, TARN

Ireland

Portugal

Spain

Canada

• David G Anderson in Williamstown, ON
• katjatinnemann@gmail.com in VICTORIA, BC
• Leslie Chambers in Kelowna, BRITISH COLUMBIA

Australia

• Bek Farry in Launceston, TASMANIA/
• Evelyn Doyle in Canberra, ACT
• F Langlands in Padstow, NSW
• Hayden in Winslow, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
• Jenny in Melbourne, VICTORIA,
• Lawrie Zion in Icy Creek, AUSTRALIA
• Melissa Honeydew in Broadford, VIC
• Warren in Cobram, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA

New Zealand

• Giles in HAMILTON, WAIKATO
• Jo in Gisborne, EAST COAST
• Leon Paul Hendren in CHRISTCHURCH, CANTERBURY
• Stewart and Joanna in Southbridge, CANTERBURY
• Sue Foot in Christchurch,
• Trevor Courtney in Christchurch, CANTERBURY

Japan

• Caleb Fuller in Yoshitomi-Machi, FUKUOKA
• John Little in Komagane-Shi,, NAGANO-KEN

India

• Khalid Mushtaq Bhatt in Srinagar, JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA

Spring blossom records for this variety

2020 season

• 28th April 2020 — tree owned by Jerry in Point Reyes Station, United States

2019 season

• November 2019 — tree owned by Melissa in Broadford, Australia
• 30th April 2019 — tree owned by Ryan in Vineyard, United States
• 24th April 2019 — tree owned by Jerry in Point Reyes Station, United States

2018 season

• 27th April 2018 — tree owned by Ryan in Vineyard, United States
• 24th April 2018 — tree owned by Jerry in Point Reyes Station, United States

2017 season

• 24th April 2017 — tree owned by Jerry in Point Reyes Station, United States
• April 2017 — tree owned by Phil in Laguna Niguel, United States

2016 season

• 19th April 2016 — tree owned by Phil in Laguna Niguel, United States

2015 season

• 5th April 2015 — tree owned by Karen in Salado, United States

2014 season

• 18th May 2014 — tree owned by Brenda in Marion, United States
• 15th May 2014 — tree owned by Robi in Gray Court, United States
• 9th May 2014 — tree owned by Dennis in Great Meadows, United States
• 22nd April 2014 — tree owned by Charlie in Santa Fe, United States

2013 season

• 10th May 2013 — tree owned by in Castleton, United States
• 9th May 2013 — tree owned by Brenda in Marion, United States
• April 2013 — tree owned by Matt in Salem, United States

2012 season

• 16th April 2012 — tree owned by in Castleton, United States
• 14th April 2012 — tree owned by Bill in Landers, United States
• 23rd March 2012 — tree owned by J.P.Curry in Sturgeon, United States
• 21st March 2012 — tree owned by Ryan in Cumming, United States

2011 season

• 14th April 2011 — tree owned by Bill in Landers, United States
• April 2011 — tree owned by Leslie in Kelowna, Canada

2010 season

• October 2010 — tree owned by Sue in Christchurch, New Zealand
• April 2010 — tree owned by Leslie in Kelowna, Canada
• 27th March 2010 — tree owned by Martin in Lakeport, United States
• 19th March 2010 — tree owned by Bill in Landers, United States

2009 season

• October 2009 — tree owned by Sue in Christchurch, New Zealand
• 29th March 2009 — tree owned by Martin in Lakeport, United States

Record your blossom dates in our Fruit Tree Register — more >>.

Harvest records for this variety

2018 season

• 4th week November 2018 — tree owned by Jerry in Point Reyes Station, United States

2017 season

• 3rd week November 2017 — tree owned by Jerry in Point Reyes Station, United States
• November 2017 — tree owned by Phil in Laguna Niguel, United States
• 4th week October 2017 — tree owned by Dennis in Bradford, United States

2014 season

• 2nd week September 2014 — tree owned by Robi in Gray Court, United States

2013 season

• 4th week October 2013 — tree owned by Gary in Chesaning, United States
• 2nd week October 2013 — tree owned by Brenda in Marion, United States
• 3rd week April 2013 — tree owned by Matt in Salem, United States

2012 season

• 3rd week September 2012 — tree owned by Charlie in Santa Fe, United States

2011 season

• 2nd week October 2011 — tree owned by J.P.Curry in Sturgeon, United States
• 3rd week September 2011 — tree owned by Martin in Lakeport, United States
• 1st week September 2011 — tree owned by Leslie in Kelowna, Canada

2010 season

• 3rd week September 2010 — tree owned by Martin in Lakeport, United States
• 1st week September 2010 — tree owned by Leslie in Kelowna, Canada
• 1st week August 2010 — tree owned by Bill in Landers, United States

2009 season

• 4th week September 2009 — tree owned by Martin in Lakeport, United States

Origins

• Species: Malus domestica
• Parentage: Possibly French Crab and Rome Beauty
• Introduced: 1860s
• Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1129

Using

• Picking season: Very late
• Cropping: Heavy
• Keeping (of fruit): 3 months or more
• Flavor style (apples): Sharper
• Food uses: Eating fresh
• Food uses: Culinary
• Cooking result: Keeps shape
• Discoloration of fruit: Oxidising

Growing

• Self-fertility: Self-fertile
• Flowering group: 3
• Ploidy: Diploid
• Bearing regularity: Biennial tendency

Climate

• Cold hardiness (USDA): (5) -20F / -29C
• Summer average maximum temperatures: Warm (25-30C / 76-85F)
• Summer average maximum temperatures: Hot (>30C / 86F)
• Chill requirement: Low-chill 600 hours

Identification

• Country of origin: Australia
• Period of origin: 1850 — 1899
• Fruit colour: Green

Where to buy trees

The following tree nurseries offer Granny Smith apple trees for sale:

• Orange Pippin Fruit Trees (USA)
  United States
  Granny Smith apple trees for sale >>
• Burnt Ridge Nursery and Orchards
  United States More >>
• Cummins Nursery
  United States More >>
• Keepers Nursery
  United Kingdom More >>

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