What is ram memory on android

Типы памяти андроид смартфонов. RAM (ОЗУ) андроид. ROM (ПЗУ) андроид. Внутренняя память андроид.

Все андроид смартфоны оснащаются различными типами памяти — RAM (ОЗУ), ROM (ПЗУ), Internal phone storage, они обеспечивают работу внутренних процессов или сохранность определенной информации.

Память андроид смартфонов RAM ( Random Access Memory ), или ОЗУ (оперативное записывающее устройство) – это та память, которая обеспечивает работу запущенных или запускаемых процессов. Данный тип памяти является как бы буферной памятью, она может использоваться практическими любыми приложениями, как внутренними системными, так и сторонними (установленными).

Память android смартфонов RAM (Random Access Memory)

Информация записывается и стирается очень быстро без эмуляции. Оперативная память RAM требует непрерывный источник питания, в этом случае информация, находящаяся в блоках памяти является действительной, в случае отключения энергии (отключение смартфона) содержимое оперативной памяти RAM удаляется. Современные ОС Android могут управлять RAM памятью на основе ее объема, решая, сколько приложений можно запускать одновременно, или в каком порядке обрабатывать ресурсоемкие приложения. Системную информацию о состоянии оперативной памяти RAM , можно посмотреть в менеджере задач (Task Managers), тут отображаются работающие в текущий момент процессы, количество выделенной для них памяти, а также свободная, незадействованная память вашего устройства. Если при работе с андроид устройствами (смартфон, планшет, ноутбук) у вас появляется сообщение, что не хватает памяти для работы запускаемого приложения, тогда нужно отключить не нужные вам процессы в меню НАСТРОЙКИ – ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ – РАБОТАЮЩИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ. Это позволит оптимизировать оперативную память RAM .

Память android смартфонов ROM (Read Only Memory)

Следующий тип памяти андроид устройств — ROM (Read Only Memory), по нашему ПЗУ (постоянное запоминающее устройство). Основное отличие ROM-памяти от RAM-памяти, заключается в том, что она не требует источника питания для работы, таким образом, этот тип памяти является постоянным (не стираемым) даже при выключенном смартфоне или др. устройстве. Обычно в андроид смартфонах R O M-память используется для хранения самой операционной системы.

Еще одной важной характеристикой ROM-памяти является тот факт, что она может использоваться только для чтения, вся информация, сохраняемая этим типом памяти, не может быть изменена в обычных условиях. Это обязательное условие защищает информацию от случайного стирания. ROM память андроид смартфонов разделена на несколько частей, в одной из них хранится сама ОС Android, доступ к ее файлам ограничен. Для получения доступа, пользователю необходимо получить root права (супер-администратор), и только тогда вы сможете что-либо изменять в этом разделе. Стоит заметить, что при получении root прав, вы лишаетесь гарантии на работоспособность вашего устройства, данную производителем. Обычно пользователи используют root права для перепрошивки ОС своими силами.

Внутренняя память android смартфонов (Internal phone storage)

Третий тип памяти в андроид смартфоне – это внутренняя память (Internal phone storage). Попросту говоря, это та память, которая доступна пользователю для хранения его личной информации (программы, приложения, текстовая информация, и др.), сюда не входит память SD-карт. Эта память не требует постоянного источника питания и позволяет неоднократно стирать и записывать информацию в ее разделах. Для того, что посмотреть состояние памяти, количество, наименование и размер установленных в ее разделах приложений, нужно зайти в меню НАСТРОЙКИ – ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ – ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПАМЯТИ. В этом же меню можно удалять ненужные или неиспользуемые андроид приложения для увеличения объема внутренней памяти. Также это меню позволяет переносить данные на SD-карту, что тоже позволяет освободить место во внутренней памяти андрод смартфона.

Память android смартфонов MicroSD / SDHC

И последний тип памяти, доступной в андроид смартфоне – это MicroSD / SDHC, или карты флэш-памяти. Этот тип памяти может быть использован пользователем в широком диапазоне, сюда можно записывать любую информацию, удалять ее или редактировать. На карту памяти можно переносить часть приложений из постоянной внутренней памяти, что освобождает ее пространство для системных программ. В настоящее время объем такой памяти может достигать 64 ГБ, чего более чем достаточно для таких андроид устройств, как смартфон или планшет.

2 комментарии

• КомментироватьЧетверг, 23 Ноябрь 2017 10:19 написал Роман

Прошу мне помочь. Все время мучаюсь — не хватает памяти планшета OYSTERS 14N. Поставил программу из Плей маркета- Все в одном. Она отлично работает и очищает ОЗУ — практически половина оперативки свободна. Но вот другая болячка. Программа Все в одном показывает, что не хватает памяти RОM. Остается 30-40 Мб и я не могу запустить Ютуб. Мне непонятно, как эта память (ПЗУ) может быть так заполнена (ведь обычно не хватает оперативки). Как мне очистить часть памяти RОM, чтобы нормально пользоваться планшетом?

Очень хочу купить китайский смартфон iOcean G7. К сожалению, последняя модификация этого смартфона характеризуется памятью RAM/ROM 1GB-8GB.Есть возможность вставить micro CD в 32GB. Скажите пожалуйста, можно ли обойтись таким объемом памяти?

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Gary Explains: How much RAM does your phone REALLY need in 2019?

Across all consumer electronic markets, spec battles are inevitable. Company A releases product X with 24 thing-a-ma-jigs, so in response Company B releases product Y with 32 thing-a-ma-jigs. Company A responds to Company’s B bump in the specs and a spec war starts.

The problem is when spec wars get out of hand. Company A started by using 24 thing-a-ma-jigs, but three years later it’s shipping with 48 thing-a-ma-jigs, a massive and likely unnecessary increase. Android smartphone makers aren’t immune to this. We have seen bumps in processor performance, camera capabilities, internal storage, and much more. Most of these spec bumps are needed and well received by consumers. However, I think in one area the spec war has become ridiculous: RAM.

Back in the early days of Android smartphones, devices had 512MB of memory or maybe even 1GB. These were the humble beginnings of the smartphone revolution. Over time more memory was added. By 2014, most high-end devices had 3GB of RAM and during 2016 and 2017 4GB became the de facto standard. Then the spec wars started. First came devices with 6GB, then 8GB, then 10GB, then 12GB — where will it end?

With RAM seemingly increasing every quarter, we must stop and pause and ask ourselves how much RAM we actually need. I have laptops here in my house that are running Windows 10 quite happily with 4GB of RAM. My MacBook has 8GB of RAM and can run demanding applications like Premiere Pro or Photoshop. Are we seriously suggesting my phone needs more RAM than my laptop?

At this point, you might be already saying to yourself, “I know how much RAM a smartphone needs, it is X Gigabytes.” You might be right, but you probably aren’t. Putting subjectivity and opinion to one side, what we need is an objective look at how much RAM is needed.

First, a look at how Android manages RAM.

RAM management

When you launch a new app on Android the Linux kernel creates a new process. A process is a unit of execution with its own virtual address space (which is mapped to physical memory). The Linux kernel manages the resources needed by the process including time running on the CPU, input and output of data (over the network or via the filesystem), and physical memory (RAM).

When there is an abundance of resources the kernel’s job is easy. If the process needs more CPU time and the CPU is idle, the kernel can easily grant the process more execution time. If there is little I/O, giving the process more I/O isn’t a problem. If the process needs more RAM and RAM is available, the kernel just needs to track what process is using which bits of memory.

However, when resources are scarce things become complicated. With CPU time and I/O, the biggest casualty of overloading is performance. If the CPU is busy, the work at hand will still get done, but it won’t be as quick. RAM is different. When you have no more, waiting longer probably won’t result in any more RAM being freed. This is where the kernel needs to be proactive to get back some RAM.

Linux and Android handle this in two ways. First, there is the idea of swapping using zRAM. Android can allocate a chunk of physical memory for swapping. Swapping is an idea Linux uses on PCs and servers. When there isn’t enough memory, the oldest and least used pages of memory are written out to the disk and the memory they occupied becomes available for other processes. If that swapped-out memory is needed later, the saved data is read back from the disk and put back into memory (swapped-in), where it can be used.

Android compresses the memory and writes it back into memory, but into the section reserved for zRAM. If we assume a 50 percent compression ratio, 128KB of RAM can reduce to 64KB, freeing up 64KB. This is the equivalent to swapping-out pages to disk. The compressed memory isn’t directly readable, so if it is needed it must be uncompressed and written back. This is the same as swapping-in.

When a process requests more RAM and RAM is unavailable, the kernel will try to free up some RAM using swapping. If sufficient RAM can’t be found, the kernel needs to get more aggressive and start culling processes. This is a strange situation for the kernel. It must kill an existing process, to make room for another process. The key here is the current memory request is likely coming from the foreground app, which is currently in use. The kernel applies various tests and checks and determines which processes can be killed off to free memory. If you started Candy Crush three days ago and switched away, but never returned, then the kernel can assume you aren’t going to switch back to it now and so kills it off. This frees memory and allows the currently running app to continue.

This is all handled by the kernel’s Low Memory Killer driver. Interestingly, future versions of Android will handle this slightly differently. While the result will be the same, it won’t be the kernel’s assassin that does the dirty deed. Starting with Linux Kernel 4.12, the Low Memory Killer driver has been removed and instead, the userspace Android Low Memory Killer Daemon (lmkd) performs the cullings.

This means when you start a new app, older memory resident apps, are removed to make way. If you switch back to these apps, using the recent apps screen, then the apps will be reloaded, similar to an initial launch.

Although this system may sound brutal, it is the way Android was designed. All apps are given ample warning that they will be killed off and move through different states allowing them to save their current status information. When they are reloaded, the apps just read the last status information and carry on from where they left off.

How much memory do apps use?

If the low memory killer activates too frequently, the overall user experience can be affected. In a worst-case scenario every time you switch away from an app to start another one, the previous app will get killed to make way for the new app. This is a severe low memory condition. However, there is an acceptable sweet spot where the occasional resident app is removed to make way for new apps. As long as the removed app is “old,” the user probably won’t even notice it was removed from memory. After that sweet spot the frequency of app removals becomes academic, since there won’t be much perceptible change in the overall user experience.

However, what is the sweet spot? To find that out I wrote a utility which uses the Android Debug Bridge (adb) to monitor which processes are being killed, along with the amount of available memory. It also looks at how much RAM the running apps use.

After lots of experimentation, I have come up with a list of three different categories of apps. “Standard” apps use between 130MB and 400MB of RAM. There are apps like YouTube and WhatsApp, as well as games like Crossy Road and Candy Crush. Then there are the “media-intensive” apps, which load lots of images and therefore use more memory to show them. Here you will find titles like Google Photos and Instagram. These apps use between 400MB and 700MB of RAM.

Finally, there are the “huge” apps, predominantly high-end games which can eat through RAM like a hungry Pac-Man. Games like Need for Speed: No Limits or PUBG Mobile can use between 800MB and 1152MB. Chrome is also in this category (with 3 tabs open).

The amount of RAM being used on your device depends entirely on which apps you have running. If you like Instagram and Candy Crush, but not much else, then you will be using just over 1GB of RAM. If you switch between PUBG and Asphalt 9 all day long, you’ll need 2GB, and so on.

How much RAM do I have?

Each Android smartphone comes with a fixed amount of RAM. It is part of the phone’s motherboard and it isn’t upgradable. The Pixel 3 has 4GB, the Note 9 (128GB) has 6GB and the OnePlus 6T has 8GB. The OnePlus 6T McLaren edition has 10GB and the Lenovo Z5 Pro GT has 12GB. While it’s important to know how much RAM your phone has, it is also important to know how available it is for running apps. Android and Linux will both use some RAM, and as do some pre-installed user level services. Here is a table of some devices I had at hand, showing the installed RAM and the available memory. Available memory is how much memory is available for starting new apps, without swapping.

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What is RAM & RAM Management?

by Max Lee · June 16, 2016

For those of you who don’t know what RAM and RAM management are, here is brief overview of how they work in an Android smartphone (or any other computer device).

First off, RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is a type of temporary storage that is much faster than your internal storage(or hard disks for computers). This temporary storage is used as a “middleman” between your internal storage and your display.

Why use RAM?

You could read and write everything from your internal storage but since the speed is nowhere near RAM, everything would come to a screeching halt and lag. By having RAM as middleman, the CPU is able to read and write to the display instantaneously and all of this happens anytime you are using your smartphone.

When you load a game app and it says, “loading”, your OS is essentially loading game data(such as maps/graphics) from the internal storage to the RAM.

For that reason, any gadget device that has a CPU and display always have RAM. Now, since RAM is temporary storage, you only need as much it is required to display the data you want. Having extra RAM can be useful if you play games that require a lot of graphics (as each frame takes a good amount of RAM) but if you do not require extra RAM it simply doesn’t get used and it does not help the performance of your phone. That is why you don’t see a smartphone with 20GB of RAM simply because there’s no apps that would require that much. It’s really a balance and check and smartphone manufacturers try to give the user enough RAM to run most apps plus some leeway for multi-tasking.

What is RAM Management?

RAM management is the job of managing how the RAM gets used. For example, if you have 3 apps open and switched to a graphic-intensive game that requires 3GB of RAM, the OS would calculate how much RAM is available and close any apps that are taking up too much of the RAM. In certain cases like Samsung phones, it aggressively closes apps to make sure there is enough RAM for new apps being switched to. In cases like OnePlus 3, it may be less aggressive and keep more apps open. Neither of these are perfect by any means as it is also dependent on how the user uses the phone.

Does RAM make your phone faster?

Now, having faster RAM or more RAM doesn’t necessarily make your phone faster because it loads information from your internal storage first. You internal storage is always the bottleneck since it’s much slower than RAM and also RAM must rely on internal storage to read data and information. But if you do not have enough RAM, it can ultimately cause your smartphone to lag badly while having more than enough RAM won’t help you make anything faster.

If you have sufficient amount of RAM for the apps you use, the only way to make your smartphone faster is through use of faster internal storage such as the UFS2.0 used on Samsung Galaxy S7 or OnePlus 3. And not all UFS2.0 have the same read/write speeds so a Galaxy S7 may have much faster speeds than OnePlus 3.

Overall, there are a lot of factors in making the smartphone run faster and your display resolution, RAM, CPU, GPU, and internal storage all play a part. The job of manufacturer then is to find the perfect combo that will allow users to run apps at the fastest speeds. In order to really test them out, we need to rely on isolated tests of RAM, CPU, GPU, and internal storage instead of just switching between apps randomly.

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